Challenges and Implementation on Cross Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Personal CommunicationsPublished 29 July 2015
Rajeev Ranjan, Shirshu Varma
Citations28
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.53
SNIP0.91
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The various cross-layer design methodologies for WSNs have been reviewed and a CLD based on ongoing research is proposed to enhance the network performance in WSN.
Abstract
Cross-layer design (CLD) has emerged as an important area in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Cross-layer enables interaction between different non- adjacent layers and, thereby, exchanging information between layers, which, indeed is not possible in traditional architectures. CLD is used for enhancing the performance of the existing architectures by utilizing the flexible prospects of the protocol layers to improve system performance and to satisfy QoS demands of the applications. The CLD leads to increase in network efficiency and optimized network throughput. In this paper, the various cross-layer design methodologies for WSNs have been reviewed, which have basically been designed to enhance the network performance in WSN. At the end, the paper proposes a CLD based on ongoing research.
Keywords
Computer ScienceEngineering
Wireless communications: principles and practice
17,534 Citations2002Theodore S. Rappaport
Computer NetworksWireless sensor network survey
6,161 Citations2008Jennifer Yick, Biswanath Mukherjee +1 more
This survey presents a comprehensive review of the recent literature since the publication of a survey on sensor networks, and gives an overview of several new applications and then reviews the literature on various aspects of WSNs.
A key-management scheme for distributed sensor networks
3,563 Citations2002Laurent Eschenauer, Virgil D. Gligor
A key-management scheme designed to satisfy both operational and security requirements of DSNs is presented, which relies on probabilistic key sharing among the nodes of a random graph and uses simple protocols for shared-key discovery and path-key establishment, and for key revocation, re-keying, and incremental addition of nodes.
IEEE Transactions on Wireless CommunicationsEnergy-constrained modulation optimization
1,497 Citations2005Shuguang Cui, Andrea Goldsmith +1 more
It is shown that up to 80% energy savings is achievable over nonoptimized systems and that the benefit of coding varies with the transmission distance and the underlying modulation schemes.
On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks
1,384 Citations2005Mahesh K. Marina, S.R. Das
Performance comparison of AOMDV with AODV is able to achieve a remarkable improvement in the end-to-end delay-often more than a factor of two, and is also able to reduce routing overheads by about 20%.
Split multipath routing with maximally disjoint paths in ad hoc networks
1,197 Citations2002S.-J. Lee, Mário Gerla
This work proposes an on-demand routing scheme called split multipath routing (SMR) that establishes and utilizes multiple routes of maximally disjoint paths and uses a per-packet allocation scheme to distribute data packets into multiple paths of active sessions.
Wireless Sensor Networks
1,004 Citations2006K. Sohraby, Daniel Minoli +1 more
IEEE Communications MagazineCross-layer design: a survey and the road ahead
963 Citations2005Vineet Srivastava, Mehul Motani
A definition for cross-layer design is suggested, the basic types of cross- layer design with examples drawn from the literature are discussed, and the initial proposals on howcross-layer interactions may be implemented are categorized.
IEEE Communications MagazineCross-layer design for wireless networks
849 Citations2003Sanjay Shakkottai, Theodore S. Rappaport +1 more
This article addresses the issue of cross-layer networking, where the physical and MAC layer knowledge of the wireless medium is shared with higher layers, in order to provide efficient methods of allocating network resources and applications over the Internet.
Mobile Computing
819 Citations1996Tomasz Imieliński, Henry F. Korth
Although mobile computing is still in its infancy, some basic concepts have been identified and several seminal experimental systems developed, and the book describes applications that are currently being deployed and tested.
IEEE Wireless CommunicationsA cautionary perspective on cross-layer design
741 Citations2005Vikas Kawadia, P. Rajesh Kumar
It is argued that it behooves to exercise caution while engaging in cross-layer design, because unbridled cross- layer design can lead to spaghetti design, which can stifle further innovation and be difficult to upkeep.
ACM Transactions on Sensor NetworksRadio link quality estimation in wireless sensor networks
624 Citations2012Nouha Baccour, Anis Koubâa +5 more
This article provides a comprehensive survey on related literature, covering the characteristics of low-power links, the fundamental concepts of link quality estimation in WSNs, a taxonomy of existing link quality estimators, and their performance analysis.
IEEE Transactions on Wireless CommunicationsJoint scheduling and power control for wireless ad hoc networks
576 Citations2004Tamer ElBatt, Anthony Ephremides
IEEE Transactions on Mobile ComputingAn analysis of error inducing parameters in multihop sensor node localization
188 Citations2005Andreas Savvides, Wendy Garber +2 more
The Crame Rao Bound for Gaussian measurement error for multihop localization systems is derived using distance and angular measurements and used to study the trends in the error induced by the measurement technology accuracy, network density, beacon node concentration, and beacon uncertainty.
IEEE Wireless CommunicationsProlonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by cross-layer interaction
181 Citations2004Lodewijk van Hoesel, Tim Nieberg +2 more
It is shown that a tightly integrated set of networking protocols is a good solution to reach the target of highly energy-efficient WSNs and combines medium access organization with routing.
Computer CommunicationsCross-layer design optimizations in wireless protocol stacks
172 Citations2003Vijay Raisinghani, Sridhar Iyer
The benefits of cross-layer feedback on the mobile device and a representative survey are discussed and the proposed protocol stack would be useful to improve the efficiency of these protocol stacks.
IEEE Transactions on Mobile ComputingXLP: A Cross-Layer Protocol for Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks
170 Citations2010Mehmet C. Vuran, Ian F. Akyildiz
The design principle of XLP is based on the cross-layer concept of initiative determination, which enables receiver-based contention, initiative-based forwarding, local congestion control, and distributed duty cycle operation to realize efficient and reliable communication in WSNs.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on NetworkingCross-Layer Analysis of the End-to-End Delay Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks
152 Citations2011Yunbo Wang, Mehmet C. Vuran +1 more
The distribution of end-to-end delay in multi-hop WSNs is investigated and a comprehensive and accurate cross-layer analysis framework, which employs a stochastic queueing model in realistic channel environments, is developed and suggests that this framework can be easily extended to model additional QoS metrics such as energy consumption distribution.
Lecture notes in computer scienceThe State of the Art in Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks
149 Citations2006Tommaso Melodia, Mehmet C. Vuran +1 more
The literature on cross-layer protocols, protocol improvements, and design methodologies for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is reviewed and a taxonomy is proposed, and possible research directions are indicated.
Joint routing, MAC, and link layer optimization in sensor networks with energy constraints
148 Citations2005Shuguang Cui, Ritesh Madan +2 more
This work analyzes energy-efficient joint routing, scheduling, and link adaptation strategies that maximize the network lifetime and proposes variable-length TDMA schemes where the slot length is optimally assigned according to the routing requirement while minimizing the energy consumption across the network.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on NetworkingA Cross-Layer Architecture of Wireless Sensor Networks for Target Tracking
135 Citations2007Liang Song, Dimitrios Hatzinakos
LESOP serves as the first example in demonstrating the migration from the OSI paradigm to the Embedded Wireless Interconnect (EWI) architecture platform, a two-layer efficient architecture proposed here for wireless sensor networks.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on NetworkingAn address-light, integrated MAC and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
108 Citations2006Sandeep S. Kulkarni, Aravind Iyer +1 more
An address-light, integrated MAC and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), AIMRP provides a power-saving algorithm which requires absolutely no synchronization or information exchange and outperforms S-MAC for event-detection applications.
Analysis of Time and Frequency Domain Features of Accelerometer Measurements
96 Citations2009Waltenegus Dargie
It is demonstrated that correlation coefficients of both time and frequency domain features exhibit high degrees of uncertainties, and short time Fourier transformations (STFT) of all types of movements prove to be agnostic of various forms of measurement and calibration errors.
Cross-Layer Design and Optimization forWireless Sensor Networks
72 Citations2006Weilian Su, T.L. Lim
The approach is to investigate the effects of the wireless channel and the physical layer performance of a small scale wireless sensor network to develop insights that can be used in the design and development of the optimization agent in the proposed cross-layer framework.
IEEE Communications MagazineAd hoc and sensor networks
64 Citations2005Silvia Giordano, Catherine Rosenberg
The articles in this special section focus on ad hoc and sensor networks and a growing trend in companies dominating their respective industries without owning estates or tangible assets, all thanks to data.
A Cross-Layer Optimization Framework for Multicast in Multi-hop Wireless Networks
62 Citations2006Jun Yuan, Z. Li +2 more
In this paper, a general modeling and solution framework for the throughput optimization problem in wireless networks is proposed, and the primal-dual solution method in the framework represents a cross-layer optimization approach.
Lecture notes in computer scienceAn Energy Efficient Cross-Layer MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
58 Citations2005Changsu Suh, Young‐Bae Ko +1 more
This paper takes an alternative approach i.e., a cross-layer design, and presents a new MAC protocol named MAC-CROSS, where the interactions between MAC and Routing layers are fully exploited to achieve energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks.
Opportunistic aloha and cross laver design for sensor networks
49 Citations2004P. Venkitasubrainaniam, S. Adireddy +1 more
A novel distributed medium access control scheme called opportunistic ALOHA for reachback in sensor networks with mobile agents, designed under the assumption that orthogonal CDMA is employed to transmit information.
IEEE Transactions on Wireless CommunicationsNetwork lifetime maximization with cross-layer design in wireless sensor networks
49 Citations2008Hui Wang, Yuhang Yang +3 more
Numerical results show that the upper-bounds of the network lifetime obtained by the proposed optimization models are tight, and important insights into the NL and benefits of cross-layer design for WSN NLM are obtained.
Computer CommunicationsDistributed direction-based localization in wireless sensor networks
47 Citations2007Sheng-Shih Wang, Kuei‐Ping Shih +1 more
Simulation results validate the practicality of DLS, and show that DLS can effectively achieve direction estimation, and achieves outstanding performance for the high density networks as well.
IEEE Transactions on Mobile ComputingCross-Layer Sleep Scheduling Design in Service-Oriented Wireless Sensor Networks
40 Citations2010Jianping Wang, Deying Li +2 more
This paper formally defines the problem, proves that the problem is NP-hard, and develops two approximation algorithms based on the LP relaxation and one efficient reordering heuristic algorithm that will enhance the dependability of the service composition in service-oriented wireless sensor networks.
Cross-Layer Design for Distributed Source Coding in Wireless Sensor Networks
27 Citations2008Frank Oldewurtel, Junaid Ansari +1 more
This paper exploits the spatio-temporal redundancy in the measurements at the sensors and adjusts the MAC parameters accordingly, which yields high energy savings in sensor networks applications and preserves the accuracy of the data recovered at the sink nodes.
International Journal of Communication SystemsCross‐layer MAC design for location‐aware wireless sensor networks
26 Citations2010Qiong Shi, Cristina Comaniciu +2 more
An optimization of MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks, that accounts for cross‐layering information, in terms of location accuracy for nodes and residual energy levels is proposed.
Dynamic codeword routing (DCR): a cross-layer approach for performance enhancement of general multi-hop wireless routing
25 Citations2005Yue Fang, A.B. McDonald
The model and one implementation example - "distributed codeword routing" (DCR) algorithm is discussed and the performance (throughput) comparison of DCR and widely used AODV routing protocol is presented.
Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology)Energy Analysis of Received Signal Strength Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
25 Citations2011Patrik Morávek, Dan Komosný +3 more
An investigation of energy demands during localization of wireless nodes in ad-hoc net- works using the method based on the received signal strength (RSS) to estimate the distances between the nodes shows that the expended energy is not related linearly to the localization error.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on NetworkingEfficient and Consistent Path Loss Model for Mobile Network Simulation
24 Citations2015Seon Yeong Han, Nael Abu‐Ghazaleh +1 more
A flexible path loss model that uses a novel approach for spatially coherent interpolation from available nearby channels to allow accurate and efficient modeling of path loss and provides a cost-effective alternative to ray tracing or detailed site surveys is contributed.
International Journal of Communication SystemsAccuracy, latency, and energy cross‐optimization in wireless sensor networks through infection spreading
19 Citations2010Fan Bai, Kumudu S. Munasinghe +1 more
The proposed mechanisms add further value to the data harvesting operation by compensating for its potential lack of coverage due to random mobility and tolerable delay, thus a relatively higher accuracy and latency requirements can be guaranteed for the optimization of energy consumption in a dynamically changing environment.
Security: Cross Layer Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
17 Citations2006Rajani Muraleedharan, Lisa Ann Osadciw
This paper proposes a novel approach of using an evolutionary algorithm with self adapting nature to avoid denial of service (DoS) attack, best suited for applications where energy and computation power is sparse.
Design and optimization of a cross-layer routing protocol for multi-hop wireless sensor networks
15 Citations2013Fei Gao, Hongli Wen +2 more
The authors proposed a multi-hop routing protocol based on the LAR algorithm and cross-layer mechanism that is efficiently both on equalizing the nodes energy consumption and reducing the network packet loss rate.
Ad Hoc NetworksCross layer load balanced forwarding schemes for video sensor networks
15 Citations2010Sinan Isik, Mehmet Yunus Donmez +1 more
Two cross layer geographic forwarding schemes which address congestion in wireless video sensor networks (VSN) to provide reliable video delivery are proposed and are compared using simulation with two geographic routing schemes where one applies no load balancing and the other applies spatial load balancing.
IEEE Transactions on CommunicationsInterference Management for Multiple Multicasts with Joint Distributed Source/Channel/Network Coding
14 Citations2013Nicola Cordeschi, Valentina Polli +1 more
A distributed, iterative and asynchronous algorithm for the optimal adaptive QoS management of the available bandwidth/power/flow resources for Co-Channel Interference-limited wireless multiple class multicast networks.
IEEE Sensors JournalCross-Layer Solutions for Extended-Range Wireless Sensor Networks
12 Citations2012Chih-Kuang Lin, Titos Kokkinos
With the proposed technologies, a three-fold increase of the single-hop range is achieved, and the hidden terminal problem is addressed with minimal impact on the overall throughput, protocol complexity, overhead efficiency, and scalability.
Fault-Tolerant and Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks: A Cross-Layer Approach
12 Citations2006Qi‐Lian Liang
This paper proposes a fault-tolerant and energy efficient multipath-routing (FEEM) scheme aided with channel coding and interleaver, which is a cross-layer design approach and shows that this scheme can reduce the frame loss rate and link failure rate since mobility is considered.
Journal of SoftwareA Hop-by-hop Cross-layer Congestion Control Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
12 Citations2011Guowei Wu, Feng Xia +3 more
Simulations have been conducted to compare HCCC against closely-related existing schemes and the results show that HCCC exhibits considerable superiority in terms of packets loss ratio, throughput and energy efficiency.
A Distributed Efficient Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks
10 Citations2007Chuan Lin, Yanxiang He +2 more
The architecture is argued that the sensor network has a common abstract- sensor service protocol (SSP), which can provide services rich enough for applications and keep the interface platform-independent.
Robust and Dynamic Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Cross-Layer Approach
10 Citations2012Weigang Wu, Jiannong Cao +2 more
A cross-layer approach to robust and dynamic data aggregation by making use of direct support from MAC layer by developing a new MAC protocol, DA-MAC, which is delicately designed to serve such purpose.
Ad Hoc NetworksCross-layer design and analysis of WSN-based mobile target detection systems
10 Citations2011Paolo Medagliani, Gianluigi Ferrari +2 more
This paper addresses the problem of designing and operating long-lasting surveillance mobile target detection applications for unattended WSNs with a priori knowledge of the nodes' positions with a cross-layer interaction between the sensing layer and the communication layer.
ACM Transactions on Sensor NetworksA Cross-Layer Optimization Approach for Lower Layers of the Protocol Stack in Sensor Networks
9 Citations2014Heikki Karvonen, Carlos Pomalaza‐Ráez +1 more
A cross-layer optimization approach for the physical and medium access control layers of wireless sensor networks is introduced, which includes a Markov chain model, simulations, and analytical derivations that are applied to the analysis of sensor networks using impulse radio ultra-wideband signals with noncoherent energy detection.
A first look at a cross-layer facilitating architecture for wireless sensor networks
7 Citations2006Christophe Merlin, Wendi Heinzelman
The beginning of an ambitious project to design a new architecture that facilitates cross-layering while proving enough flexibility to support different applications and networks is described.
Cross-layer optimisation for quality of service support in wireless sensor networks
7 Citations2011Mahsa Mohaghegh, Chris Manford +1 more
This paper presents results from simulations of the new cross layer design and traditional OSI model using the OMNET++ software and demonstrates that the cross layer optimization is a promising solution and that enhances the quality of service in wireless sensor network applications.
A unified wireless sensor network framework
6 Citations2012Joshua Kiepert, Sin Ming Loo
The traditional approaches to WSN system design are outlined, and the necessary components of a unified WSN framework that would support the majority of present applications as well as providing the foundation for further advancements in the field are proposed.
TCLA: A Triangular Cross-Layer Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks
6 Citations2009Daidi Lin, Shining Li
TCLA (Triangular CL Architecture) merges the protocol layers of OSI model into three virtual functional modules and organizes them in a non-stack way to provide great flexibility, efficiency and scalability for WSNs.
Cross-layered design of security scheme for cooperative MIMO sensor networks
6 Citations2010Wei Chen, McKenzie McNeal +1 more
This work has shown that virtual/cooperative MIMO technology that enables distributed single-antenna systems cooperating on data transmission and reception as a multiple antenna array is a promising technique and has attracted many researchers.
Active Cross-Layer Location Identification of attackers in wireless sensor networks
5 Citations2010Siyu Zhan, Jianping Li
A novel localization mechanism, called ACLI, is proposed in this paper, which combines sensor coordination with the traditional range-free localization method to successfully locate such an adversary.
Fine-Tuning the OSI Model: Layer Functions and Services
4 Citations1987Mark D. Pardue
General theorems are developed and architectural breakouts of the layers of the Reference Model are analyzed to address minor inconsistencies in layer services and tunctions presently specified in OSI documents.
A cross-layer architecture for service differentiation in Wireless Sensor Networks with multiple sinks
4 Citations2014Ridouane El Mezouary, Ahmed Loutfi +1 more
A mathematical model that combines parameters from network and MAC layers is presented that aims to estimate and to enhance the throughput of multi-hop WSNs and the stability of the forwarding queues used for real-time and besteffort traffics.
Cross-layer protocols for WSNs: A simple design and simulation paradigm
4 Citations2012Mohamed Hefeida, Min Shen +2 more
A Cross-Layer Application-aware Paradigm (CLAP), which eliminates the need for bypassing/hacking conventional design hierarchies and simulator architectures, and will lead CL protocol design in WSNs to a higher level of awareness via seamless CL information access and sharing.
Qualitative Evaluation of Cross-Layer Approaches in Wireless Sensor Networks
3 Citations2010Waltenegus Dargie
Towards a layer-less network architecture — A case from Wireless Sensor Networks
2 Citations2011Ram Kumar, Frank Reichert
This work presents a new way of thinking about the network abstractions, away from the hierarchical layers, towards network functionality as layer-less services, and proposes the approaches that can be utilized to standardize this approach in the long term.
A ferry-assisted solution for forwarding function in Wireless Sensor Networks
2 Citations2014Ait Oualhaj Omar, Abdellatif Kobbane +3 more
A cross layer, adaptive data aggregation algorithm utilizing spatial and temporal correlation for fault tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks
1 Citations2012Babak D. Beheshti, Howard Michel
This paper combines the weighted averaging algorithm across multiple sensors, with the LMS adaptive filtering of individual sensor data, in order to improve fault tolerance of WSNs and presents performance gains achieved by combining these methods.