Composing in English: effects of a first language on writing in English as a second language

A number of studies have indicated that, regardless of a language prescription, writers will transfer writing abilities and strategies, whether good or deficient, from their first language to their second language.

Abstract

Traditionally, ESL teachers have emphasized the need for ESL writers to think and write as completely as possible in English. The belief is that if ESL writers do any of their work in their first language, this will inhibit acquisition of the second language (L2) and will interfere with the generation of L2 structures, due to transfer of structures and vocabulary from the first language in an incorrect way. For instance, Arapoff (1967) suggested that students should avoid topics related to firsthand experience because they may then translate from their first language into English.