A polysomnographic study in young psychiatric inpatients: major depression, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa
Journal of Affective DisordersPublished 1 April 1990Open access
Christoph Lauer, Jürgen-Christian Krieg, Dieter Riemann, Jürgen Zulley, Mathias Berger
Citations62
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The results of the cholinergic REM sleep induction test revealed a significantly faster induction of REM sleep in the depressed patients when compared with the eating disorder patients and the control subjects, which indicates a subthreshold hypersensitivity of the REM sleep triggering Cholinergic transmitter system in depressives, but not in eating disorder Patients.
Abstract
The baseline EEG sleep patterns of 10 young depressed patients, 20 patients with anorexia nervosa, 10 patients with bulimia nervosa, and 10 healthy subjects were found to be indistinguishable, except for an increased REM density in the depressed patients. In eating disorder patients, a concomitant major depressive episode had no influence on EEG sleep. The results of the cholinergic REM sleep induction test revealed a significantly faster induction of REM sleep in the depressed patients when compared with the eating disorder patients and the control subjects. This indicates a subthreshold hypersensitivity of the REM sleep triggering cholinergic transmitter system in depressives, but not in eating disorder patients.
Keywords
PsychologyNeuroscience
Archives of General PsychiatryDiagnostic Criteria for Use in Psychiatric Research
5,714 Citations1972John P. Feighner
Diagnostic criteria for 14 psychiatric illnesses along with the validating evidence for these diagnostic categories comes from workers outside the authors' group as well as from those within; it consists of studies of both outpatients and inpatients, of family studies, and of follow-up studies.
ScienceSleep Cycle Oscillation: Reciprocal Discharge by Two Brainstem Neuronal Groups
1,233 Citations1975J. Allan Hobson, Robert W. McCarley +1 more
During the sleep cycle in cats, neurons localized to the posterolateral pole of the nucleus locus coeruleus and the nucleus subcoeruleus undergo discharge rate changes that are the opposite of those of the pontine reticular giant cells.
The LancetA CHOLINERGIC-ADRENERGIC HYPOTHESIS OF MANIA AND DEPRESSION
1,101 Citations1972DavidS. Janowsky, JohnM. Davis +2 more
Considering manic-depressive disorders and related phenomena from the viewpoint of cholinergic-adrenergic balance, or conceptualising behaviour as having both adrenergic andcholinergic components, provides a framework for understanding the affective disorders.
SLEEPSleep Research in Affective Illness: State of the Art Circa 1987
467 Citations1987Charles F. Reynolds, David J. Kupfer
Future sleep research in affective illness will probably continue the current evolution beyond cross-sectional to longitudinal studies, and beyond a largely descriptive emphasis to the testing of specific hypotheses and predictions derived from models of the pathophysiology of depression.
Journal of Psychiatric ResearchEEG sleep patterns as a function of normal and pathological aging in man
457 Citations1967Irwin Feinberg, Richard L. Koresko +1 more
It appears that the EEG of sleep may prove to be a diagnostic and research tool of special value to geriatric psychiatry because the quantitative changes in sleep with normal and pathological aging are similar to changes which take place in rate of overall brain metabolism.
Behavioral and Brain SciencesEvolving concepts of sleep cycle generation: From brain centers to neuronal populations
322 Citations1986J. Allan Hobson, Ralph Lydic +1 more
The electrophysiological evidence concerning the REM-on and REM-off cell groups suggests a gradient of sleep-dependent membrane excitability changes that may be a function of the connectivity strength within an anatomically distributed neuronal network.
American Journal of PsychiatryREM sleep and depression: common neurobiological control mechanisms
245 Citations1982Robert W. McCarley
Clinical data showing parallels between REM sleep and depressive phenomena are summarized, and the author discusses evidence for his hypothesis that the following commonalities in neurobiological control systems generate these parallels.
Psychiatry ResearchAge-related changes in sleep in depressed and normal subjects
224 Citations1981J. Christian Gillin, Wallace C. Duncan +6 more
All-night electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep data were examined a function of age in normal control subjects and hospitalized, unmedicated depressed patients with primary affective illness to find that depressed patients had a greater Sleep Latency, Early Morning Awake time, Intermittent AwakeTime, Duration and REM Density of the first REM period, and average REM D density for the night.
Archives of General PsychiatryPolysomnographic Findings in Recently Drug-Free and Clinically Remitted Depressed Patients
199 Citations1986A. John Rush
Whether PSG abnormalities identify clinically remitted patients who are prone to develop another depressive episode requires longitudinal follow-up studies.
American Journal of PsychiatryThe relationship between affective disorder and eating disorders: a review of the literature
197 Citations1986Wendy Swift, Debra Andrews +1 more
It is recommended that future research in this area attempt to identify subpopulations of patients with affective disorder and eating disorders by means of a longitudinal, multilevel strategy with serial determinations.
Archives of General PsychiatrySleep Architecture and REM Sleep Measures in Prepubertal Children With Major Depression
165 Citations1982Joaquim Puig-Antich
Sleep stage data do not appear to differentiate children with prepubertal major depressive disorders from nondepressed neurotic or normal children, suggesting the hypothesis that polysomnographic abnormalities in adult major depressives are secondary to an interaction between depression and age.
Journal of Adolescent Health CareAnorexia nervosa and bulimia
165 Citations1983Arnold E. Andersen
There has been a shift away from diagnosing anorexia nervosa by eliminating possible medical disorders and toward a diagnosis by positive identification on mental status examination.
Journal of Affective DisordersSleep EEG and nocturnal secretion of cortisol and growth hormone in male patients with endogenous depression before treatment and after recovery
159 Citations1989Axel Steiger, U. von Bardeleben +2 more
A sleep-endocrine evaluation among 10 unmedicated male patients with major endogenous depression during their depressive episode and following full clinical remission and drug withdrawal found abnormally high values for cortisol secretory activity normalized after return to euthymia.
PubMedNeuroendocrinological and neurophysiological studies in major depressive disorders: are there biological markers for the endogenous subtype?
155 Citations1982Thomas Berger, Peter Doerr +3 more
The possibility of characterizing subgroups of depressive disorders by biological markers was studied by means of the dexamethasone suppression test, the 24-hr urinary free cortisol (UFC), the growth hormone response to the insulin tolerance test (ITT), and polygraphic sleep recordings.
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Cholinergic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Induction Test With RS-86
127 Citations1989Mathias Berger
The application of this compound before sleep led to a significantly faster induction of REM sleep at the beginning of the night in patients with major depressive disorders compared with healthy subjects and patients with other nondepressive psychiatric diseases, such as eating disorders.
American Journal of PsychiatryEEG sleep in depressed adolescents
125 Citations1983Henry W. Lahmeyer, Elva Poznanski +1 more
Sleep disturbances, including disturbances in REM sleep, are common among depressed adults; it is unclear if the same is true for depressed adolescents, but there was a significant negative correlation between REM latency and age.
Archives of General PsychiatryElectroencephalographic Sleep of Adolescents With Major Depression and Normal Controls
119 Citations1987Raymond R. Goetz
It appears that the classic REM sleep findings associated with the adult depressive syndrome are not present among depressive adolescents, indicating a later ontogeny for these abnormalities.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical NeuroscienceTest-Retest Reliability of a standardized psychiatric interview (DIS/CIDI)
102 Citations1987Gert Semler, Hans-Ulrich Witichen +6 more
Diagnostic reliability was found to have improved for the DSM-III anxiety disorders in particular, and can possibly be attributed to some changes in the wording of the respective items of this section.
American Journal of PsychiatryIs there a relationship between eating disorder and affective disorder? New evidence from sleep recordings
101 Citations1984Jack Katz, Arielle Kuperberg +4 more
The findings suggest the existence of a subgroup of patients who show sleep abnormalities, in addition to clinical and possibly endocrine abnormalities, that indicate concurrent affective disorder.
American Journal of PsychiatryExtended sleep (hypersomnia) in young depressed patients
97 Citations1985D. R. Hawkins, John M. Taub +1 more
The depressed patients had changes in the length of REM periods similar to those of older subjects, suggesting an interaction between age, sleep, and depression.
European Journal of PharmacologyThe pharmacological assessment of RS 86 (2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro-[4,5]-decan-1,3-dion hydrobromide). A potent, specific muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
93 Citations1986José Palacios, G. Bolliger +4 more
Results demonstrate clearly that RS 86 is a potent, centrally acting, selective muscarinic receptor agonist and appears to be an adequate tool for the clinical examination of the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease.
SLEEPEffects of Aging on EEG Sleep in Depression
91 Citations1980Faith Richard, Howard David +1 more
Since many sleep measures are greatly skewed or have truncated distributions, the present paper provides several alternative styles of measurement which allow comparisons to be made easily and also facilitate multivariate testing.
International Journal of Eating DisordersDo eating disorders and affective disorders share a common etiology? A dissenting opinion
90 Citations1987Michael Strober, Jack Katz
It is concluded that, although depression plays an important part in predisposing to eating disorders, continued attention must be paid to investigating mechanisms of etiology and pathogenesis unique to these conditions.
Biological PsychiatryComparison of automated REM and slow-wave sleep analysis in young and middle-aged depressed subjects
83 Citations1986David J. Kupfer, Charles F. Reynolds +2 more
Although the younger depressed patients showed increased numbers of delta waves, the middle-aged depressives showed greater average REM count and little statistical relationship between manual measures of slow-wave sleep and automated measures of delta sleep was found.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN EDMONTON
81 Citations1988Roger Bland, G. Stebelsky +2 more
GHQ results indicated that those experiencing periods of unemployment are also likely to have higher current symptom and stress levels than those who are employed.
Biological PsychiatryEEG-monitored sleep in anorexia nervosa and bulimia
76 Citations1985B. Timothy Walsh, Raymond R. Goetz +3 more
Most patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia do not exhibit the type of sleep disturbances characteristic of patients with major depressive illness, according to EEG-monitored sleep.
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
75 Citations2012Tomás J. Silber
Biological PsychiatrySleep EEG variables in young schizophrenic and depressive patients
74 Citations1988Chantal Kempenaers, M. Kerkhofs +2 more
Lewis SW, Reveley AM, Reveiey MA, Chitkara B, Murray RM (1987): The familial sporadic disunion as a strategy in schi~p~nia research.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaImplications of altered limbic‐hypothalamicpituitary‐adrenocortical (LHPA)‐function for neurobiology of depression
73 Citations1988Florian Holsboer
It is suggested that the neuroendocrine system constitutes a bidirectional link between the brain and humoral homeostasis in the periphery and any change of neuronal activity in the brain, regardless of whether induced by external stimuli or endogenous errors of metabolism, may result in altered composition of gene products.
Biological PsychiatryEEG sleep in young depressives: First and second night effects
68 Citations1989David J. Kupfer, Ellen Frank +1 more
The EEG response of young outpatients to the first night's stay in a sleep laboratory may be a useful tool for the diagnosis of depression in this age group, and an underlying deficit in delta sleep waveforms is pointed to as being a prominent feature of the sleep of young depressed subjects.
Journal of Affective DisordersDepression in adolescents and young adults — polysomnographic and neuroendocrine aspects
68 Citations1988J. Appelboom-Fondu, Myriam Kerkhofs +1 more
The comparison of polysomnographic data between a group of nine major depressive adolescents, 12 minor depressive adolescents and 12 controls showed a significant difference in sleep efficiency index and in percentage of awakenings.
NeuropsychopharmacologyEEG sleep in depression and in remission and the REM sleep response to the cholinergic agonist RS 86
64 Citations1989Dieter Riemann
The sleep EEG patterns of patients with a major depressive disorder intraindividually between remitted and depressed state revealed an improvement of parameters of sleep continuity and a tendency for normalization of rapid eye movement latency and REM density in the former.
Psychiatry ResearchEffects of RS 86, an orally active cholinergic agonist, on sleep in man
63 Citations1984René Spiegel
The results suggest that RS 86, in well-tolerated oral doses, has central effects that are partly similar to and partly different from those of other cholinomimetic agents.
The Canadian Journal of PsychiatryThe Sleep of Remitted Bipolar Depressives: Comparison with Sex and Age-Matched Controls
61 Citations1986John B. Knowles, James R. Ketudat Cairns +5 more
It is concluded that sleep measures are unlikely to be useful as trait markers of a depressive diathesis in bipolar disorder.
PsychopharmacologyImipramine and EEG sleep in children with depressive symptoms
59 Citations1979David J. Kupfer, Patricia A. Coble +3 more
Psychiatry ResearchEEG sleep and the cholinergic REM induction test in anorexic and bulimic patients
57 Citations1988Christoph Lauer, Jürgen Zulley +3 more
The present study found no hints of depression-like sleep patterns in patients with eating disorders and controls and when attention was focused on patients who additionally met DSM-III criteria for major depression.
Psychiatry ResearchREM and delta sleep in anorexia nervosa and bulimia
55 Citations1987Alan B. Levy, Katharine N. Dixon +1 more
Findings do not support the contention that eating disorders are variants of affective disorders, and Contrary to reports of shortened REM latency and increased REM density in depressed patients, it did not find significant REM differences between eating disorder patients without endogenous depression and healthy control subjects.
American Journal of PsychiatrySleep EEG findings in depressed children and adolescents
53 Citations1987Graham J. Emslie, Howard P. Roffwarg +3 more
Sleep polysomnographic data on 17 juveniles with major depression revealed abnormalities similar to those in depressed adults.
Psychiatry ResearchInfluence of the Cholinergic Agonist RS 86 on normal sleep: Sex and age effects
48 Citations1988Dieter Riemann, Daven Joy +4 more
Results of the present study agree well with those of studies using other cholinomimetics and confirm the importance of the cholinergic system for REM sleep regulation and play a role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of depressive diseases.
Journal of Affective DisordersSleep EEG recordings in depressive disorders
47 Citations1985Myriam Kerkhofs, Guy Hoffmann +3 more
Depressed patients with major depressive disorder showed higher REM activity and REM density values than patients with minor depressive disorder, and sleep variables were able to correctly classify 68% of the patients.
Biological PsychiatryFamilial and sporadic schizophrenia: visual evoked potential differences
33 Citations1988Steven B. Schwarzkopf, R.M. Chapman +5 more
The hypothesis that visual evoked potential latencies are prolonged in psychotic patients with a positive family history of psychosis (FH PGS) when compared to equaliy ill patients without a family history (FH NEG) is tested.
Biological PsychiatrySleep EEG in bulimia
33 Citations1987James I. Hudson, Harrison G. Pope +5 more
The sleep EEGs of the bulimic patients were largely indistinguishable from those of the normal controls, except for a trend toward increased rapid eye movement (REM) density in the first REM period among the bulims, and the outpatients with major depression displayed marked sleep continuity disturbances.
Biological PsychologyElectrographic analysis of the sleep cycle in young depressed patients
33 Citations1978John M. Taub, David R. Hawkins +1 more
It is demonstrated that some young persons with clinical depression have the capacity to sleep for sustained periods and nocturnal EEG disturbances of comparable severity to most older depressed patients such as reduced time asleep, increased wakefulness or lowered slow-wave sleep.
Current Opinion in PsychiatryAnorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
8 Citations1995Jane Ellen Smith, Denise E. Laframboise
Hospitalists should recognize the lifethreatening complications of refeeding syndrome and be aware of the current protocols for its treatment.