Relationships between TriTrac-R3D vectors, heart rate, and self-report in obese children
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExercisePublished 1 November 1997
Karen J. Coleman, Brian E. Saelens, Margo D. Wiedrich-Smith, Jeremy D. Finn, Leonard H. Epstein
Citations66
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.44
SNIP1.48
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
It was concluded that the TriTrac yielded a better estimate of activity in obese children than self report and the vector magnitude composite score of the Tri Trac accounted for significantly more variance in both self-reported activity and unadjusted heart rates as compared with the vertical directional vector.
Abstract
The TriTrac (Professional Products, Inc., Madison, WI) triaxial accelerometer and diary self report were compared with adjusted heart rates to evaluate 3 d of leisure-time activity in 35 8- to 12-yr-old obese children. Adjusted heart rates were calculated by subtracting preexercise resting heart rates from heart rates measured in the field. TriTrac and self-reported data were converted to multiples of resting metabolic rate (METs). Correlations between accelerometer METs and adjusted heart rates (r = 0.71) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than correlations between adjusted heart rates and self-reported METs (r = 0.36) or accelerometer and self-reported METs (r = 0.38). Self-reported METs had higher mean standard errors in estimating heart rates (13.93 +/- 6.15 beats.min-1) than did accelerometer METs (10.94 +/- 5.62 beats.min-1; P < 0.001), were significantly greater than accelerometer METs (2.50 +/- 1.48 vs 1.80 +/- 1.48; P < 0.05) and systematically overestimated accelerometer METs. The anteroposterior vector accounted for 36%, and the vector magnitude score accounted for 34% of the variance in unadjusted heart rates. The mediolateral vector and vector magnitude score accounted for 69% of the variance in self-reported METs. The vertical vector did not account for variance in either unadjusted heart rates or self-reported METs. It was concluded that the TriTrac yielded a better estimate of activity in obese children than self report. In addition, the vector magnitude composite score of the TriTrac accounted for significantly more variance in both self-reported activity and unadjusted heart rates as compared with the vertical directional vector of the TriTrac.
Keywords
PsychologyMedicine
The LancetSTATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT
47,620 Citations1986J Martin Bland, DouglasG. Altman
An alternative approach, based on graphical techniques and simple calculations, is described, together with the relation between this analysis and the assessment of repeatability.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseCompendium of Physical Activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities
4,055 Citations1993Barbara E. Ainsworth, William L. Haskell +5 more
A coding scheme is presented for classifying physical activity by rate of energy expenditure, i.e., by intensity, and general use of this coding system would enhance the comparability of results across studies using self reports of physical activity.
The LancetComparing methods of measurement: why plotting difference against standard method is misleading
2,333 Citations1995John M. Bland, Douglas G. Altman
A plot of the difference against the average of the standard and new measurements is unlikely to mislead in this way and is shown theoretically and by a practical example.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionReference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness
1,351 Citations1991Aviva Must, GE Dallal +1 more
Race-specific and population-based 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI and TSF for people aged 6-74 y were generated from anthropometric data gathered in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Survey 1 (NHANES I).
New England Journal of MedicineDiscrepancy between Self-Reported and Actual Caloric Intake and Exercise in Obese Subjects
1,261 Citations1992Steven W. Lichtman, Krystyna Pisarska +8 more
The failure of some obese subjects to lose weight while eating a diet they report as low in calories is due to an energy intake substantially higher than reported and an overestimation of physical activity, not to an abnormality in thermogenesis.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseAssessment of energy expenditure for physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer
453 Citations1994Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Klaas R. Westerterp +2 more
Although sedentary activities and walking represent a large part of normal daily physical activity, the validity and usefulness of the triaxial accelerometer--measuring IAAtot--to predict EEact in daily life must be studied under free-living conditions.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseComparison of activity levels using the Caltrac?? accelerometer and five questionnaires
400 Citations1994David J. Miller, Patty S. Freedson +1 more
The strong, significant correlation observed between the Caltrac data and the 7-d recall suggests adequate validity for the 7.d recall, and would be quicker, easier, and less expensive to use in a large population study than theCaltrac.
Journal of Applied PhysiologyBioelectrical impedance estimation of fat-free body mass in children and youth: a cross-validation study
352 Citations1992Linda Houtkooper, Scott B. Going +3 more
It is demonstrated that RI with body weight can predict FFB with good accuracy in Whites 10-19 yr old.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportValidity and Reliability of Self Report Measures of Physical Activity: An Information-Processing Perspective
342 Citations1988Tom Baranowski
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseValidation of the CSA accelerometer for assessing children??s physical activity
331 Citations1994Kathleen F. Janz
The moderate to high validity correlations and the subjects' favorable response to wearing the accelerometer support its validity and utility as an objective method for monitoring activity in children in field settings, however, the between-day stability of individual physical activity measures was low to moderate.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionDaily energy expenditure in free-living children: comparison of heart-rate monitoring with the doubly labeled water (2H218O) method
291 Citations1992MB Livingstone, W. A. Coward +8 more
HR monitoring provides a close estimation of the TEE of population groups and objective assessment of associated patterns of physical activity.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseThe accuracy of self-reports of physical activity
286 Citations1990Robert C. Klesges, Linda H. Eck +4 more
This investigation determined the accuracy of self-reports of physical activity compared to observations obtained surreptitiously and indicated that subjects were moderately accurate in recalling their physical activity levels but underestimated sedentary activities and overestimated aerobic activities.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and PharmacologyInaccuracies in self-reported intake identified by comparison with the doubly labelled water method
274 Citations1990Dale A. Schoeller, Linda G. Bandini +1 more
Because the greatest bias was observed in obese subjects, current methods for self-reported energy intake are not recommended for use in obesity research.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseThe Caltrac accelerometer as a physical activity monitor for school-age children
204 Citations1990James F. Sallis, Michael J. Buono +3 more
Data support the use of the Caltrac accelerometer as a physical activity measure for school-age children, and the objective data tended to corroborate the children's short-term activity recalls.
PsychophysiologyAutomated physical activity monitoring: Validation and comparison with physiological and self‐report measures
180 Citations1993Stephen Patterson, David S. Krantz +4 more
The high level of activity differentiation and strong relationship to oxygen uptake and heart rate suggest the usefulness of this device for behavioral and biomedical studies, however, these studies indicate that the wrist may not always be the most adequate placement for indexing rate and intensity of daily activities and that further studies are needed to determine the optimal site of monitor attachment.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseCardiovascular benefits and assessment of physical activity and physical fitness in adults
164 Citations1992William L. Haskell, Arthur S. Leon +9 more
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseHabitual physical activity in children: methodology and findings in health and disease
156 Citations1986Wim H. M. Saris
The state of the art concerning the measurement of habitual physical activity is discussed, factors which may cause hypo-activity in children are identified, and specific problems on which research should be focused are outlined.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportThe Validity of the Tritrac-R3D Activity Monitor for the Assessment of Physical Activity in Children
149 Citations1995Gregory J. Welk, Charles B. Corbin
The correlations between these instruments were highest during free play situations (lunch/recess, recess, after school) and were lower when activity was more limited (class time) or structured (physical education).
PubMedTechniques for the measurement of human energy expenditure: a practical guide.
129 Citations1993Peter R. Murgatroyd, P. S. Shetty +1 more
A brief guide to the range of techniques available for assessing energy expenditure in a variety of different settings is provided to enable potential users to select an appropriate method for the problem in hand and to be able to trace more detailed reference material, advice or collaboration.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseField trial of a three-dimensional activity monitor: comparison with self report
128 Citations1995Charles E. Matthews, Patty S. Freedson
Data suggest the Tritrac ranks activity levels similarly to the PAL and SDR but it significantly underestimates free-living energy expenditure.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseAssessment of energy expenditure by recording heart rate and body acceleration
127 Citations1989Gerwin A. L. Meijer, Klaas R. Westerterp +2 more
The feasibility of a portable accelerometer equipped with a three-directional sensor for the assessment of physical activity and the consequences for energy expenditure was examined under laboratory conditions and during normal daily life.
PubMedValidation of a heart rate monitor with children in laboratory and field settings.
117 Citations1989Frank A. Treiber, Linda Musante +4 more
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseComparison of heart rate and physical activity recall with doubly labeled water in obese women
115 Citations1995Susan B. Racette, Dale A. Schoeller +1 more
This study compared minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring and the 7-d physical activity recall questionnaire with doubly labeled water for the measurement of TDEE and physical activity in 14 obese women before and during 12 wk of weight reduction.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportThe Measurement of Physical Activity in Young Children
101 Citations1990Melody Noland, Fred Danner +3 more
Findings suggest that the Caltrac monitor may provide a valid index of individual differences in physical activity in young children.
American Journal of EpidemiologyA VALIDATION OF TWO MOTION SENSORS IN THE PREDICTION OF CHILD AND ADULT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS
87 Citations1985Robert C. Klesges, LISA M. KLBSGES +2 more
Assessment of the reliability and validity of two motion activity sensors in the prediction of observed physical activity levels in adults and children by means of two studies at North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota indicates that while both motion sensors closely corresponded to observed levels of physical activity in adults, neither sensor correlated substantively to observed Levels of Physical activity in children.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseValidation of a heart rate monitor with children in laboratory and field settings
82 Citations1989FRANK A. TREIBER, Linda Musante +4 more
Findings indicate that the Sport Tester provides valid readings of young children's heart rates across a wide range of exercise involving upper- and lower-body movements.
PubMedThe assessment of children's physical activity: a comparison of methods.
77 Citations1987Lisa M. Klesges, Robert C. Klesges
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseEvaluation of the Children??s Activity Rating Scale (CARS) in young children
75 Citations1993Robert H. DuRant, Tom Baranowski +5 more
The utility of using the CARS as a measure of physical activity in younger children from different ethnic groups and the between-day and -year reliabilities of the Children's Activity Rating Scale are supported.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseCaltrac versus calorimeter determination of 24-h energy expenditure in female children and adolescents
70 Citations1994Molly S. Bray, William W. Wong +3 more
The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the Caltrac accelerometer for estimating 24-h energy expenditure (EE) in children and adolescents and a significant multiple correlation between calorimeter values and a combination ofCaltrac activity counts and body weight suggested these variables could be useful for daily EE estimation.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseFailure to generalize determinants of self-reported physical activity to a motion sensor
66 Citations1992Rod K. Dishman, Charles Risdon Darracott +1 more
Multiple correlations indicated that the linear combination of OE Values/P Barriers and physical self-efficacy explained 26% of the variation in MET.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseReliability and variability of heart rate monitoring in 3-, 4-, or 5-yr-old children
66 Citations1992Robert H. DuRant, Tom Baranowski +5 more
Daily heart rate monitoring is not a perfect indicator of children's physical activity, but data suggest that it may be a reliable measure among younger children from different ethnic and gender groups.
Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyA prospective study of the reliability and convergent validity of three physical activity measures in a field research trial
62 Citations1989Elen Williams, Robert C. Klesges +2 more
The results suggest that the Stanford Physical Activity Recall may be the self-report measure of choice for large studies due to its high reliability and convergent validity with a more time-consuming daily log, as well as its cost- and time-efficiency.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportValidity of the Physical Activity Interview and Caltrac With Preadolescent Children
57 Citations1994Bruce G. Simons‐Morton, Wendell C. Taylor +1 more
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseThe assessment of children??s physical activity
47 Citations1987Lisa M. Klesges, Robert C. Klesges
The authors assessed the convergent validity and the sources of error in an electronic single-plane accelerometer against observed all-day physical activity levels of children in their natural environment and revealed moderately high but variable Spearman rank-order correlations between hourly readings of the accelerometer and the observational system.
Pediatric Exercise ScienceValidity of the Caltrac Accelerometer in Estimating Energy Expenditure and Activity in Children and Adults
40 Citations1991A. F. Maliszewski, Patty S. Freedson +3 more
The results indicate that the Caltrac does not accurately predict energy expenditure for boys and men across the three speeds of walking, and the 95% confidence intervals of the activity counts and energy expenditure estimates from the Caltrac support its use as an activity monitor during walking.
Pediatric Exercise ScienceValidation of the Caltrac Movement Sensor Using Direct Observation in Young Children
28 Citations1990M. Mukeshi, Bernard Gutin +3 more
The Caltrac seemed to record indoor activity (mainly walking) more accurately than it recorded the more varied playground movements, casting doubt on its value as a means of measuring physical activity in children 2-3 years of age.
Pediatric Exercise ScienceCaltrac Validity for Estimating Caloric Expenditure with Children
22 Citations1992Molly S. Bray, James R. Morrow +2 more
The Caltrac overestimated caloric expenditure for rest and also for both slow and brisk walking for both slow and brisk walking, and the Caltrac may be useful in estimating daily resting and walking energy expenditure for groups of children.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportThe Validity of Objective Physical Activity Monitoring in Older Individuals
22 Citations1990Richard A. Washburn, Carol A. Janney +1 more
Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportA Comparison of Grip Strength and Selected Psychomotor Performance Measures in Healthy and Frail Elderly Females
16 Citations1995Rhonda D. Meyer, Noreen L. Goggin +1 more
Comparisons of healthy and frail elderly females on grip strength and psychomotor performance measures found that healthy subjects were stronger and exhibited superior control of movements and significant differences were found between elderly females.
Pediatric Exercise ScienceDescription of the Physical Activity of Young Children Using Movement Sensor and Observation Methods
14 Citations1991Fred Danner, Melody Noland +3 more
Physical activity among young girls with obese parents decreased significantly from Year 1 to Year 2 and Caltrac readings and an observational measure of physical activity were significantly related in both Year 1 and Year 2.