Effects of Age, Sex, and Ethnicity on the Association Between Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Alzheimer Disease
JAMAPublished 22 October 1997
Lindsay A. Farrer
Citations4,516
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score5.35
SNIP10.71
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The APOE∈4 allele represents a major risk factor for AD in all ethnic groups studied, across all ages between 40 and 90 years, and in both men and women.
Abstract
The APOE epsilon4 allele represents a major risk factor for AD in all ethnic groups studied, across all ages between 40 and 90 years, and in both men and women. The association between APOE epsilon4 and AD in African Americans requires clarification, and the attenuated effect of APOE epsilon4 in Hispanics should be investigated further.
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteStatistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data From Retrospective Studies of Disease
14,860 Citations1959Nathan Mantel, William Haenszel
ScienceGene Dose of Apolipoprotein E Type 4 Allele and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Late Onset Families
9,464 Citations1993Elizabeth H. Corder, Ann M. Saunders +7 more
APOE-epsilon 4 gene dose is a major risk factor for late onset AD and, in these families, homozygosity for APOE-epsilon 4 was virtually sufficient to cause AD by age 80.
NatureSegregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease
4,649 Citations1991Alison Goate, Marie‐Christine Chartier‐Harlin +19 more
It is demonstrated that in this kindred, which shows linkage to chromosome 21 markers, there is a point mutation in the APP gene that causes an amino-acid substitution close to the carboxy terminus of the β-amyloid peptide.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesApolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease.
4,286 Citations1993Warren J. Strittmatter, Ann M. Saunders +5 more
It is demonstrated that there was a highly significant association of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE-epsilon 4) and late-onset familial Alzheimer disease.
NatureCloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease
4,050 Citations1995Robin Sherrington, Е. И. Рогаев +31 more
A minimal cosegregating region containing the AD3 gene is defined, and at least 19 different transcripts encoded within this region corresponds to a novel gene whose product is predicted to contain multiple transmembrane domains and resembles an integral membrane protein.
NeurologyAssociation of apolipoprotein E allele ϵ4 with late‐onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease
3,780 Citations1993Ann M. Saunders, Warren J. Strittmatter +12 more
Data support the involvement of ApoE epsilon 4 in the pathogenesis of late-onset familial and sporadic AD and suggest it may operate as a susceptibility gene (risk factor) for the clinical expression of AD.
Journal of Lipid ResearchRestriction isotyping of human apolipoprotein E by gene amplification and cleavage with HhaI.
2,950 Citations1990James E. Hixson, D.T. Vernier
This work has used restriction isotyping (restriction enzyme isoform genotyping) for rapid typing of common apolipoprotein E isoforms (E2, E3, E4) and distinguished each of the isoforms by a unique combination of HhaI fragment sizes that enabled unambiguous typing of all homozygotic and heterozygotic combinations.
ScienceCandidate Gene for the Chromosome 1 Familial Alzheimer's Disease Locus
2,586 Citations1995Ephrat Levy‐Lahad, Wilma Wasco +17 more
The presence of missense mutations in AD subjects in two highly similar genes strongly supports the hypothesis that mutations in both are pathogenic.
Archives of NeurologyDiagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
2,496 Citations1985Zaven S. Khachaturian
The purpose of the meeting was to identify the most important scientific research opportunities and the crucial clinical and technical issues that influence the progress of research on the diagnosis of AD.
Nature GeneticsProtective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease
1,920 Citations1994Elizabeth H. Corder, Ann M. Saunders +12 more
A protective effect of the ε2 allele, in addition to the dose effect ofThe ε4 allele in sporadic AD, is demonstrated, which further support the direct involvement of APOE in the pathogenesis of AD.
Food and Chemical ToxicologyStatistical methods in cancer research. Vol. 1. The analysis of case-control studies
1,725 Citations1983
The LancetEffect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease
1,645 Citations1996Ming‐Xin Tang, Diane M. Jacobs +6 more
Oestrogen use in postmenopausal women may delay the onset and decrease the risk of Alzheimer's disease and Prospective studies are needed to establish the dose and duration required to provide this benefit and to assess its safety in elderly post menopause women.
NeuronApolipoprotein E in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: Allelic variation and receptor interactions
1,114 Citations1993G. William Rebeck, Joell S. Reiter +2 more
Colocalization of ApoE and LRP to SPs implies that these molecules may be involved in metabolism of components of SPs, and it is suggested that SPs and reactive astrocytes were also strongly LRP immunoreactive in Alzheimer's disease.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesApolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease.
699 Citations1995Warren J. Strittmatter, A D Roses
The identification of apoE in the cytoplasm of human neurons and the characterization of isoform-specific binding of apolipoprotein E to the microtubule-associated proteins tau and MAP-2 present the possibility that ApoE may affect microtubules function in the Alzheimer brain.
Trends in NeurosciencesApolipoprotein E in animal models of CNS injury and in alzheimer's disease
641 Citations1994Judes Poirier
The discovery that the epsilon 4 allele is strongly linked to both sporadic and familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) raises the possibility that a dysfunction of the lipid-transport system associated with compensatory sprouting and synaptic remodeling could be central to the AD process.
NeurologySynergistic Effects of Traumatic Head Injury and Apolipoprotein-epsilon4 in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
585 Citations1995Richard Mayeux, Ruth Ottman +7 more
NeurologyApoE-4 and Age at Onset of Alzheimer's Disease
481 Citations1997Deborah Blacker, Jonathan L. Haines +10 more
This work supports previous reports of an association between apoE-4 and the development of AD and demonstrates that apo E-4 exerts its maximal effect before age 70 and has important implications for the potential use of ApoE genotyping for diagnosis and prediction of disease.
Nature GeneticsApolipoprotein E4 allele in a population–based study of early–onset Alzheimer's disease
459 Citations1994Cornelia M. van Duijn, Peter de Knijff +5 more
A significant association between APOE*4 and EOAD is demonstrated which is modified by family history of dementia, but an increase in EOAD risk for APoe*4 heterozygotes could only be shown in subjects with a positive family history.
American Journal of EpidemiologyESTIMATION OF MULTIPLE RELATIVE RISK FUNCTIONS IN MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
415 Citations1978N. E. Breslow, Nicholas Day +3 more
A linear logistic model used to estimate multiple risk functions in both cohort and case-control studies is adapted for sampling plans wherein each case is matched with R controls and substantially liberalizes current practice.
NeurologyInteractions of apolipoprotein E genotype, total cholesterol level, age, and sex in prediction of Alzheimer's disease
373 Citations1995G.P. Jarvik, Ellen M. Wijsman +4 more
A pathologic role of higher TC or cholesterol-based differential survival of ϵ4-carrying individuals may be involved in the relationship of the ϵ 4 allele with AD.
NeurologyApolipoprotein E element 4 association with dementia in a population-based study
347 Citations1996Richard H. Myers, Ernst J. Schaefer +11 more
Evidence for an association of apoE epsilon4 with other dementia, primarily multi-infarct dementia and stroke and the low positive predictive value of this marker suggest that use of ApoE genotyping as a screening test for AD is not supported.
PubMed[Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer disease].
300 Citations1996van der Weide J, Steijns Ls +3 more
The epsilon 4 allele of the apoE gene may be considered as a biological risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease and genotyping seems to be a supplementary tool for risk assessment in geriatric patients with cognitive impairment.
NeurologyRisk of dementia among relatives of Alzheimer's disease patients in the MIRAGE study
289 Citations1996Nicola T. Lautenschlager, L. Adrienne Cupples +20 more
The data suggest that women are innately more susceptible to AD than men, the lifetime risk among relatives does not support a simple autosomal dominant inheritance pattern of disease, and AD may not be an inevitable concomitant of the aging process, a conclusion that has profound implications for basic and applied AD research.
The LancetApolipoprotein E allele ∈4, dementia, and cognitive decline in a population sample
273 Citations1995A. S. Henderson, Anthony F. Jorm +6 more
It is confirmed in a population sample that the epsilon 4 allele is a risk factor for dementia, but the suggestion that homozygosity for the ePSilon 4 alleles is sufficient for the development of Alzheimer's disease is refuted.
PubMedApolipoprotein E: risk factor for Alzheimer disease.
260 Citations1994Ming-Lun Tsai, Eric G. Tangalos +6 more
The data suggest that the APOE-epsilon 4 allele is associated with AD and that this allelic variant may be an important risk factor for susceptibility to AD in the general population.
The LancetSpecificity, sensitivity, and predictive value of apolipoprotein-E genotyping for sporadic Alzheimer's disease
256 Citations1996A M Saunders, Christine Hulette +12 more
In this necropsy-confirmed series, the epsilon 4/epsilon 4 genotype predicted AD with 100% accuracy and was unexpectedly highly specific for AD.
Annals of NeurologyApolipoprotein E and alzheimer's disease: Ethnic variation in genotypic risks
249 Citations1995Gladys E. Maestre, Ruth Ottman +7 more
Findings suggest that modifier genes or environmental factors may interact selectively with apo ε4 in African‐Americans to weaken the association with Alzheimer's disease or that the apo E allelic system is in linkage disequilibrium with a nearby, as yet unidentified Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility locus.
Journal of Lipid ResearchApolipoprotein E isoform phenotyping methodology and population frequency with identification of apoE1 and apoE5 isoforms
241 Citations1987José M. Ordovás, L Litwack-Klein +3 more
Subjects with the apoE2 allele tended to have higher plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and lower low density cholesterol concentrations than subjects with the APOE3 allele, while the converse was true for Subjects with theapoE4 allele.
BMJAssociation of apolipoprotein E phenotypes with late onset Alzheimer's disease: population based study
205 Citations1994Johanna Kuusisto, Keijo Koivisto +9 more
Allele e4 of apolipoprotein is associated with Alzheimer's disease in a dose-response fashion in a randomly selected elderly population.
JAMAAlzheimer's Disease, Apolipoprotein E4, and Gender
198 Citations1994Haydeh Payami
A study that included members of 42 families with late-onset AD with known apo E genotype and used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to estimate the age-of-onset curves revealed a significant dosage effect, where each additional E4 allele shifted the onset to an earlier age.
NeurologyReduced apolipoprotein ϵ4 allele frequency in the oldest old Alzheimer's patients and cognitively normal individuals
188 Citations1994G. William Rebeck, Thomas T. Perls +4 more
The data support two new conclusions: (1) the ApoE-epsilon 4 associated risk for AD is age-dependent, probably due to censoring by the earlier development of AD in Apo epsilon 4 individuals, and (2) it is possible to reach extreme old age with normal cognition.
Annals of NeurologyLack of an association between apolipoprotein E ϵ4 and Alzheimer's disease in elderly nigerians
161 Citations1995B. O. Osuntokun, Amrik Sahota +11 more
The ϵ4 allele of APOE was not associated with AD or dementia in this community‐based sample, in marked contrast to the strong association between the ϵ3 allele and AD in the previously reported study with African Americans.
Neuroscience LettersApoE allele frequencies in Italian sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease
146 Citations1994Sandro Sorbi, Benedetta Nacmias +6 more
Analysis of the ApoE gene polymorphism in a sample of 446 Italian subjects confirmed a significant association between epsilon 4 allele and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and found a not previously reported association between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Epsilon 2 alleles and sporadic AD and EOFAD.
Annals of NeurologyApolipoprotein E genotypes and Alzheimer's disease in a community study of elderly African Americans
140 Citations1995Hugh C. Hendrie, Kathleen Hall +14 more
This study extends the association of Apo E‐∈4 and AD to nonwhite populations and provides further evidence that the observed allelic association is biologically relevant.
PubMedApolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: genotype-specific risks by age and sex.
139 Citations1997Heike Bickeböller, Dominique Campion +23 more
The distribution of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes as a function of age and sex has been examined in a French population of Alzheimer disease patients and control subjects, finding the frequency of the epsilon4 allele was lower in male cases than in female cases, but, since a similar difference was found in controls, this does not lead to a difference in OR between sex.
Annals of NeurologyPredictive value of apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer's disease: Results of an autopsy series and an analysis of several combined studies
138 Citations1994Joséphine Nalbantoglu, Brian M. Gilfix +5 more
The results further substantiate and strengthen the association between the ϵ4 allele of apoE gene and AD and are used to investigate the usefulness of the determination of ϵ 4 carrier status in the diagnosis of AD.
NeurologyAlzheimer's disease
133 Citations1996Ranjan Duara, Warren Barker +6 more
Patients with predominantly late-onset Alzheimer's disease who belonged to several ethnic groups found a reduced age of onset in women, but not men, who were both FH+ and epsilon 4+ and were more likely to inherit the disease from their mothers than their fathers.
NeurologyThe apolipoprotein E allele epsi;4 is overrepresented in patients with the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease
132 Citations1994Douglas Galasko, Takefumí Saítoh +5 more
For AD and LBV patients, the e4 frequency was significantly higher than that reported in nondement-ed controls (10 to 15%).
Annals of NeurologyThe apolipoprotein E ε2 allele is associated with an increased risk of early‐onset alzheimer's disease and a reduced survival
131 Citations1995Cornelia M. van Duijn, Peter de Knijff +6 more
The data show that among EOAD patients, survival for APOE*2 carriers was significantly reduced, and when restricting the analysis to patients ascertained early after diagnosis at a stage of disease when mortality is low, the data suggest an increased risk of EOAD for subjects with APOE2E2, APoe2E3, APOE3E4, and APOE4E4 genotypes.
Human GeneticsApolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and its influence on ApoE concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid in Finnish patients with Alzheimer's disease
128 Citations1995Terho Lehtim�ki, Tuula Pirttil� +4 more
It is concluded that the inheritance of the ɛ4 allele of apoE is a risk factor for AD in the Finnish population.
PubMedInfluence of apolipoprotein E genotype on senile dementia of the Alzheimer and Lewy body types. Significance for etiological theories of Alzheimer's disease.
126 Citations1994Charles R. Harrington, Joost Louwagie +7 more
It is indicated that tau processing is more specifically associated with AD than is amyloid beta-protein accumulation and that presence of the epsilon 4 allele is not an etiological factor that accounts for tau pathology.
NeurologyLack of association of apolipoprotein E allele ϵ4 with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease among Finnish centenarians
123 Citations1995Raymond A. Sobel, Jukka Louhija +7 more
The results clearly show that the ϵ4 allele does not necessarily lead to AD even near the (current) upper age-limit of life and suggest that the association of the ApoE ϵ 4 allele with AD may be age-dependent and that the Apolipoprotein E typeπ4 allele might accelerate the AD dementing process rather than be a direct etiologic agent or a predisposing genetic factor.
Neuroscience LettersA high frequency of apolipoprotein E4 isoprotein in Japanese patients with late-onset nonfamilial Alzheimer's disease
114 Citations1993Akira Ueki, Mikihiko Kawano +3 more
Results indicate a strong association between apo E4 isoprotein and Japanese late-onset nonfamilial AD, and that apoE4 is a possible risk factor for the development of this type of AD.
Annals of NeurologyApolipoprotein E genotype in patients with alzheimer's disease: Implications for the risk of dementia among relatives
99 Citations1995Lindsay A. Farrer, L. Adrienne Cupples +18 more
The 44% risk of AD by age 93 among relatives of ApoE 4/4 probands indicates that as many as 50% of people having at least one ϵ4 allele do not develop AD, consistent with a sex‐modification effect of the E4 isoform on disease susceptibility.
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive DisordersApolipoprotein E ε4 Allele in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
94 Citations1994Giovanni B. Frisoni, Laura Calabresi +7 more
The frequency of the E4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) is increased in familial and sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease, but its prevalence in non-Alzheimer dementias in Caucasian popu is low.
Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & PsychiatryApolipoprotein E polymorphism in Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia.
90 Citations1994Jun Kawamata, Seigo Tanaka +3 more
The raised frequency of the epsilon 4 allele in the patients with late onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease was of a lower magnitude than that in United States and Canadian studies, which may in part be due to a lower ePSilon 4 frequency in the normal Japanese population and reflect the lower morbidity from Alzheimer's Disease in Japan.
American Journal of Medical GeneticsAssociation of the apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele with clinical subtypes of autopsy‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease
88 Citations1994George S. Zubenko, Scott Stiffler +5 more
The results suggest that amyloid angiopathy may be a common or central feature of a form of familial AD that is associated with the transmission of the APOE epsilon 4 allele.
NeuroreportApo E allele frequencies in Alzheimerʼs disease, Lewy body dementia, Alzheimerʼs disease with cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia
82 Citations1994Christine Bétard, Yves Robitaille +6 more
Apolipoprotein was genotyped using a fluorescent PCR-RFLP assay in 187 patients with a probable or possible clinical diagnosis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease and in 166 autopsied patients with dementia and infer that apo E is a major risk factor for structural phenotypes of dementia involving AD, alone or in conjunction with another pathology.
BMJApolipoprotein E genotype and association between smoking and early onset Alzheimer's disease
82 Citations1995Cornelia M. van Duijn, Louis M. Havekes +3 more
The results suggest that the inverse relation between smoking history and early onset Alzheimer's disease cannot be explained by an increased mortality in carriers of the apolipoprotein e4 allele who smoke.
NeurologyApolipoprotein E genotype and Lewy body disease
82 Citations1995Carol F. Lippa, Thomas W. Smith +7 more
Data from 18 cases of LBD that did not have concurrent Alzheimer's disease by the CERAD criteria are consistent with the hypothesis that APOE genotype may affect neuropathology in LBD.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Human Lipoproteins, Their Receptors, and Their Enzymes
79 Citations1993Vassilis I. Zannis, Dimitris Kardassis +1 more
Annals of NeurologyDose‐dependent association of apolipoprotein e allele ε4 with late‐onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease
72 Citations1994Toshihiro Yoshizawa, Kimiko Yamakawa‐Kobayashi +6 more
The results indicate that the risk of developing late‐onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease is markedly dependent on the dose of apo E‐ε4, while Apo E-ε4 does not appear to be a major risk factor for early‐onsett sporadic Alzheimer’s disease.
NeurologyAlzheimer's disease with and without coexisting Parkinson's disease changes
68 Citations1995Maria Gearing, Julia Schneider +3 more
An association between ϵ4 dosage and PD-related changes is observed and the severity of ubiquitin-positive neuritic change in CA2/3 of the hippocampus, but not the frequency of cortical Lewy bodies, varied significantly with ϵ 4 dosage in the AD+PD cases.
Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyApolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease risk and case detection: A case-control study
61 Citations1996Walter A. Kukull, Gerard D. Schellenberg +7 more
Considering either homozygous or heterozygous E4 genotype as a screen or diagnostic marker for AD would miss many true cases and could misclassify many normals as AD.
Neuroscience LettersLack of association between apolipoprotein E allele ɛ4 and sporadic Alzheimer's disease
57 Citations1994Lars Lannfelt, Lena Lilius +9 more
Investigation of Swedish Alzheimer patients and controls found no significant difference between sporadic AD and controls but in familial cases the increased epsilon 4 allele frequency previously reported was confirmed.
JAMAThe Apolipoprotein E E4 Allele and Sex-Specific Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
54 Citations1995Elizabeth H. Corder
Neuroscience LettersAssociation of apolipoprotein E4 with sporadic Alzheimer's disease is more pronounced in early onset type
52 Citations1994Xiao Y Dai, Shinichiro Nanko +6 more
It is indicated that association of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 with sporadic Alzheimer's disease is more pronounced in early onset type than in late onset type.
Journal of Medical GeneticsApolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele is a risk factor for familial and sporadic presenile Alzheimer's disease in both homozygote and heterozygote carriers.
48 Citations1995David St Clair, Monique Y. Rennie +4 more
Highly significant enrichment is found for both homozygote and heterozygote ApoE epsilon 4 allele carriers in familial and sporadic early onset AD with a pattern closely resembling that in late onset AD.
American Journal of Medical GeneticsAssociation of apolipoprotein E allele ϵ4 with late‐onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease
46 Citations1994G. Lucotte, Sophie Visvikis‐Siest +8 more
Data support the involvement of ApoE epsilon 4 allele as a very important risk factor for the clinical expression of AD.
PubMedEvidence for major gene inheritance of Alzheimer disease in families of patients with and without apolipoprotein E epsilon 4.
46 Citations1996V. Sree Hari Rao, L. Adrienne Cupples +12 more
A complex segregation analysis in 636 nuclear families of consecutively ascertained and rigorously diagnosed probands in the Multi-Institutional Research in Alzheimer Genetic Epidemiology study suggests that susceptibility to AD differs between men and women regardless of the proband's APOE status, and assumes a dominant model.
The LancetApolipoprotein-E genotyping in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
45 Citations1996B. A. Kakulas, Steve D. Wilton +2 more
The NeurologistGENETICS AND THE DEMENTIA PATIENT
42 Citations1997Lindsay A. Farrer
The predictive value of APOE genotype on an individual basis is weak, and it is therefore not recommended as a predictive test, although APOE may be an important adjunct for diagnosis in some situations.
Neuroscience LettersConfirmation that familial clustering and age of onset in late onset Alzheimer's disease are determined at the apolipoprotein E locus
39 Citations1994Henry Houlden, Richard Crook +4 more
It is confirmed that familial clustering in late onset Alzheimer's disease is associated with the zeta 4 allele of apolipoprotein E, and it is suggested that the effect of a single zeta4 allele is to increase the risk of developing AD by an amount equivalent to 5 years.
Neuroscience LettersApolipoprotein E polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in Eastern Finland
38 Citations1995Maarit Lehtovirta, Seppo Helisalmi +5 more
In the late-onset patients, the age at onset decreased from 76 to 69 as the number of epsilon 4 alleles increased from 0 to 2.
NeurodegenerationEffects of Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Cortical Neuropathology in Senile Dementia of the Lewy Body and Alzheimer's Disease
38 Citations1995Ruha Benjamin, A. Leake +5 more
Although the possession of APo E epsilon 4 is associated with an increased risk of developing SDLT and AD, actual APO E genotype does not appear to affect the burden of pathology.
Genetic EpidemiologyNo association between the very low density lipoprotein receptor gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease nor interaction with the apolipoprotein E gene in population-based and clinic samples
23 Citations1997Danielle Fallin, Ann C. Gauntlett +6 more
Genotyping both population and clinic‐based AD data sets at this VLDL‐R polymorphism find no independent association between the VLDl‐R gene and the occurrence of AD in either sample, and there is no significant statistical interaction between the alleles at these loci.
PubMed[Isoform 4 of apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease. Specificity and clinical study].
13 Citations1995Florence Mahieux, R. Couderc +4 more
Surprisingly, the mothers of epsilon 4 bearers had a significantly longer life than mothers of other patients, and the Mother of ePSilon 4Bearers of AD patients had higher levels of cholesterol and apoAl than did MP and mixed and vascular demented patients.
NeurodegenerationApolipoprotein E Genotype and Alzheimer's Disease in an Elderly Norwegian Cohort
9 Citations1996Ruha Benjamin, A. Leake +7 more
Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) genotyping was performed on an autopsy cohort of neuropathologically verified non-demented controls and subjects with Alzheimer's disease resident in nursing homes in the Oslo area, with a trend towards a progression of earliest onset epsilon 4/4 and earlier age at onset dementia in the presence of an ePSilon 4 allele.
PubMed[The apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele is a risk factor for Alzheimer disease with early and late onset].
6 Citations1994A Kurz, Nicola T. Lautenschlager +6 more
The results suggest that in the absence of amyloid precursor protein mutations and of a gene which has not yet been precisely localized on chromosome 14, apolipoprotein E is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and exerts its influence by an acceleration or retardation ofAmyloid formation and/or tau hyperphosphorylation.
