Political events and the policy sciences
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Abstract
The previous chapter establishes with regard to Western Europe and the United States that the emergence and evolution of the social sciences have been structured both by the nature of particular intellectual and scholarly traditions and scientific institutions and by the shape of societal institutions and policy traditions. In this chapter I distinguish between internal variables, that is, factors that arise within an area of inquiry and external variables, deriving from political and contextual conditions. Wittrock et al. (chapter 2) have documented the impact of the range of internal and external features on the relationships between the state and social science (see also deLeon, 1986; Schottle, 1968).