Smart domestic appliances in sustainable energy systems - consumer acceptance and restrictions

Abstract

Demand-side load management, based on coordinated intelligent operation of large numbers of domestic appliances, is a cornerstone of sustainable energy systems with a higher share of intermittent generation, e.g. from wind or solar energy. Simulations undertaken in the “Smart-A” project (www.smart-a.org) (in the framework of the programme “Energy Intelligent Europe”) show that many European countries can benefi t signifi cantly from smart appliances operation. Th e share of the technological potential that is realised, however depends on the user acceptance with regard to load-shift ing, including e.g. delay the start of washing cycles, intermediate interruptions of the operation of appliances, or temporarily storing energy for freezers. Quantitative and qualitative consumer research using questionnaires and focus groups was conducted in several European countries (Austria, Germany, Italy, Slovenia and UK). Detailed scenarios were introduced to identify to what extent and under which conditions consumers are ready to accept smart operations of appliances. Major changes to daily routines, signifi cant additional costs or loss of comfort will not be accepted easily. Th e willingness of consumers to adopt intelligent appliances depends on the perception of a mature technology and on fi nancial gains. Ecological benefi ts are viewed as a positive side eff ect, which makes them feel good and indicates their green conscience, but for most people they are not suffi cient as the sole reason to buy smart appliances. Economic advantage, higher security and good usability will be the key factors to increase user acceptance when it comes to smart operation of appliances.