Technology policy in the United States and the European Union: shifting orientation towards technology users

Abstract

In recent years, the United States and the European Union have made significant steps towards technology policies to enhance industry competitiveness. Government attention has shifted progressively from more supply-oriented technology policies to a greater balance with demand-oriented (technology-user-oriented) innovation policies. The transition has progressed differently in the two regions reflecting their institutional environments, policy traditions, and recent political developments. The transition has also been controversial because of the increased complexity of the policy and the patchy success rate of past attempts of governments to intervene in civilian technology markets. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.