Design of Process Evaluation within the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH)
Health Education QuarterlyPublished 1 April 1994
Sarah McGraw, Elaine J. Stone, Stavroula K. Osganian, John P. Elder, Cheryl L. Perry, Carolyn Johnson
Citations129
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The conceptual model underlying the CATCH process evaluation system is described, and process measures and data collection protocols are reviewed, highlighting the importance of incorporating process evaluation into final outcome analyses and assessments of program impact.
Abstract
Process evaluation complements outcome evaluation by providing data to describe how a program was implemented, how well the activities delivered fit the original design, to whom services were delivered, the extent to which the target population was reached, and factors external to the program that may compete with the program effects. The process evaluation system used in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) is presented in this paper. The conceptual model underlying the CATCH process evaluation system is described, and process measures and data collection protocols are reviewed. Functions of process evaluation data in the trial include: (1) describing the implementation of the program, (2) quality control and monitoring, and (3) explaining program effects. The importance of incorporating process evaluation into final outcome analyses and assessments of program impact is emphasized.
Keywords
Decision SciencesHealth Professions
Evaluation ReviewEstimating Mediated Effects in Prevention Studies
1,967 Citations1993David P. MacKinnon, James H. Dwyer
Assessment of how prevention and intervention programs achieve their effects requires the measurement of intervening or mediating variables hypothesized to represent the causal mechanism by which the prevention program achieves its effects.
Preventive MedicineEfficacy and effectiveness trials (and other phases of research) in the development of health promotion programs
718 Citations1986Brian R. Flay
The concepts of efficacy and effectiveness are examined from the viewpoints of the traditions and philosophies of health-care research and social program evaluation, and eight phases of research are suggested for the development of health promotion programs.
Evaluation ReviewEvaluating With Sense
428 Citations1983Huey-Tsyh Chen, Peter H. Rossi
Although the randomized controlled experiment conceptualized as a "black box" approach has dominated the discussions of impact assessment since the classic statements of Campbell and Stanley (1966), the use of theoretical models in connection with impact assessment can both heighten the power of experimental designs and compensate for some of the major deficiencies of quasi-experimental designs.
Journal of School HealthSchool‐Based Cardiovascular Health Promotion: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH)
251 Citations1990Cheryl L. Perry, Elaine J. Stone +5 more
The process of change that appears to be necessary for school-based health promotion and that will be tested in CATCH are presented as a framework to guide these efforts.
Journal of Studies on AlcoholProgram integrity as a moderator of prevention program effectiveness: results for fifth-grade students in the adolescent alcohol prevention trial.
186 Citations1991William B. Hansen, Jenny Graham +2 more
It is suggested that the quality of program delivery and reception may play an important moderating function on prevention program effectiveness.
Evaluation ReviewFormative and Process Evaluation of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs
128 Citations1993Mary-Anne Dehar, Sally Casswell +1 more
Greater application of formative and process evaluation to such programs in the future has the potential to lead to better designed and more effective programs, and improved understanding of the factors influencing program outcomes.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and SportEffects of a Curriculum and Inservice Program on the Quantity and Quality of Elementary Physical Education Classes
120 Citations1993Thomas L. McKenzie, James F. Sallis +3 more
The curriculum and inservice program equipped trained classroom teachers to provide significantly better classes than were provided by controls in terms of student activity engagement, lesson context, and active instructional behavior, though their classes did not match the quality of those taught by the physical education specialists.
Health Education QuarterlyCATCH: Physical Activity Process Evaluation in a Multicenter Trial
83 Citations1994Thomas L. McKenzie, Patricia K. Strikmiller +5 more
The process evaluation model for the physical activity intervention component of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) and the major procedures used to monitor CATCH PE, the physical education intervention are described.
Health Education QuarterlySynthesis of Cardiovascular Behavioral Research for Youth Health Promotion
81 Citations1989Elaine J. Stone, Cheryl L. Perry +1 more
The scientific background for focusing on the major cardiovascular health behaviors with youth is reviewed, as well as the importance of the components in the school health program as a framework for the multiple considerations in school health research.
Social Science & MedicineA framework for evaluating community-based heart disease prevention programs
67 Citations1986David Altman
A framework encompassing the evaluation of process, impact and social relevance guides this discussion, and the goal is to divide the question, "do community-based health programs work?", into more easily answered evaluation questions.
Evaluation ReviewMethods in Program Evaluation
51 Citations1989Sarah McGraw, Sonja M. McKinlay +4 more
A methodology for a process evaluation system as applied to the Pawtucket Heart Health Program is described and examples of data from the system are provided, including those from linked, computer-based files for the systematic tracking of program activities and the characteristics of program participants.
Health Education QuarterlyCATCH: Classroom Process Evaluation in a Multicenter Trial
46 Citations1994Elizabeth W. Edmundson, Susan C. Luton +7 more
The process evaluation plan specifically targets how much each curriculum was implemented, to what degree it was implemented as designed, and the barriers to implementation.
Health Education QuarterlyCATCH: Food Service Program Process Evaluation in a Multicenter Trial
44 Citations1994Debra J. Raizman, Deanna M. Hoelscher +8 more
The process evaluation model for the Eat Smart School Nutrition Program, the food service intervention component of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH), is presented and the process evaluation strategies developed to assess this program are described.
Health Education QuarterlyCATCH: Family Process Evaluation in a Multicenter Trial
43 Citations1994Carolyn Johnson, Stavroula K. Osganian +6 more
The process evaluation methods used to document the extent of participation in the family program are described, which are examining the effectiveness of family (household) involvement through changes in students' dietary intake of fat and sodium.
Evaluation & the Health ProfessionsOvercoming Design Problems in Evaluating Health Behavior Programs
41 Citations1982Brian R. Flay, J. Allan Best
Thirteen issues of research design that need to be considered if interpretable answers to evaluative research questions are to be obtained are identified and discussed.
Health Education QuarterlyResearch Design and Analysis Issues
41 Citations1989Sonja M. McKinlay, Elaine J. Stone +1 more
The overall perspective of this article is the need for researchers of school-based health promotion to make more progressive use of existing statistical methods to improve both the rigor and the efficiency ofschool-based experiments.
Health Education QuarterlyCATCH: Process Evaluation of Environmental Factors and Programs
32 Citations1994John P. Elder, Sarah McGraw +5 more
The School Health Questionnaire, the major process evaluation tool for monitoring secular and environmental changes in the schools, is described in detail, and data describing tobacco-related environmental factors and secular events are presented.
International Quarterly of Community Health EducationProcess Evaluation in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT)
31 Citations1990Kitty Corbett, Beti Thompson +2 more
The systems developed for monitoring progress in the sites, the quality of local intervention activities and data collection, and compliance with the trial-wide protocol are described.
Health Education QuarterlyCATCH: Challenges of Conducting Process Evaluation in a Multicenter Trial
30 Citations1994Leslie A. Lytle, Beth Z. Davidann +6 more
The challenges faced when collecting process evaluation information in a school-based, multicenter field trial and experiences from the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health are shared to illustrate the challenges that are presented and ways of meeting the challenges.
Journal of School HealthACCESS: Keystones for School Health Promotion
22 Citations1990Elaine J. Stone
A new model called ACCESS is described, consisting of five major keystones, that provides an organizational structure for planning, implementing, and evaluating school health promotion programs in the U.S.