Clinical Pharmacology of Nicotine
Annual Review of MedicinePublished 1 February 1986
Neal L. Benowitz
Citations275
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score6.79
SNIP4.24
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TL;DR
This chapter reviews the human pharmacology of nicotine, the evidence for a role of nicotine in human disease, and the use of nicotine (gum) as a therapeutic agent in smoking cessation therapy.
Abstract
Nicotine is the primary reason why people consume tobacco products and it may contribute to causation of tobacco-related diseases. This chapter reviews the human pharmacology of nicotine, the evidence for a role of nicotine in human disease, and the use of nicotine (gum) as a therapeutic agent in smoking cessation therapy.
Keywords
PsychologyChemistryBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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Neither number of cigarettes smoked nor smoking‐machine delivery predict daily nicotine exposure very well, and results confirm observations by others that levels of nicotine in the body vary widely among individuals even when smoking the same number of identical cigarettes.
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250 Citations1983Michael A. Russell, R Merriman +2 more
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Addictive BehaviorsThe effects of cigarette smoking on pain and anxiety
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GastroenterologyInfluence of smoking on healing rate of duodenal ulcer in response to cimetidine or high-dose antacid
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105 Citations1984Pascal Nicod, Roger B. Rehr +4 more
Heart rate-systolic pressure product, cardiac output and maximal first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) without significantly changing the coronary sinus concentrations of thromboxane B2 or 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable metabolites of throttle A2 and prostacyclin, respectively).
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104 Citations1985Neal L. Benowitz, P. Jacob
The first direct demonstration that rate of elimination can influence self-determined drug consumption in humans is shown, replacing about half the excess urinary nicotine loss.
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Individual differences in nausea and related hormonal responses may provide an objective method for predicting receptivity to smoking.
JAMANicotine Gum to Help Stop Smoking
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CirculationEffect of Cigarette Smoking and Breathing Carbon Monoxide on Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in Anginal Patients
94 Citations1974Wilbert S. Aronow, John Cassidy +7 more
Nicotine caused the increased systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate after smoking and carbon monoxide caused the negative inotropic effect which increased the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and decreased the stroke index after smoking.
Journal of the American College of CardiologyAcute coronary hemodynamic response to cigarette smoking in patients with coronary artery disease
94 Citations1984Lloyd W. Klein, John A. Ambrose +4 more
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89 Citations1975J.D. Billimoria, Helen Pozner +3 more
No significant changes were found in the group of light smokers but a trend was usually seen that suggested that these changes were influenced by the number of cigarettes smoked.
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Smokers should be advised of the risks of blocking the holes of ventilated-filter cigarettes and taught how to detect whether they are doing it, and the construction of low-yield cigarettes that will ensure low yields to smokers requires careful attention to the behaviour of smokers.
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78 Citations1983E. J. S. Boyd, J. A. Wilson +1 more
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Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, was administered intravenously to healthy male non-smoking volunteers in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg, and orally in dose-independent half-life of 12.2 h and mean urinary recovery and renal clearance were almost identical with the values after iv administration.
British Journal of PharmacologyNICOTINE INHIBITS HYPOXIA‐ AND ARACHIDONATE‐INDUCED RELEASE OF PROSTACYCLIN‐LIKE ACTIVITY IN RABBIT HEARTS
53 Citations1980Åke Wennmalm
It is suggested that nicotine counteracts the formation of prostacyclin‐like activity in the rabbit heart by interfering with the enzymatic conversion of arachidonate to prostacyClin.
The American Journal of MedicineStudies of neurohypophyseal function in man
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The antidiuretic response to nicotine appears to be a useful means of assessing hypothalamic function in man and may be postulated to account for polyuria.
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Clinical Pharmacology & TherapeuticsTobacco cigarette smoking and patellar reflex depression
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It is concluded that tobacco smoking produces a remarkable, short‐term depression of the human skeletal‐motor system that is related to the nicotine content of the cigarette smoked.
PubMedChewing nicotine gum for 3 months: what happens to plasma nicotine levels?
30 Citations1984Mcnabb Me
People who chew nicotine gum for a few months to stop smoking lower their exposure to nicotine when simple dosage rules are followed.
Addictive BehaviorsIncrease of muscle tonus after tobacco smoking
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During smoking it was found that the muscle tonus increased in a dose- dependent fashion and two to three minutes after smoking the EMG-level had returned to the initial (pre-smoking) level.
HeartTHE ACUTE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON MYOCARDIAL PERFORMANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERIAL DISEASE
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