Evidence against the context-freeness of natural language
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TL;DR
In searching for universal constraints on the class of natural languages, linguists have investigated a number of formal properties, including that of context-freeness, which is interpreted strongly and weakly both as a way of characterizing structure sets and even weakly for characterizing string sets.
Abstract
In searching for universal constraints on the class of natural languages, linguists have investigated a number of formal properties, including that of context-freeness. Soon after Chomsky’s categorization of languages into his well-known hierarchy (Chomsky, 1963), the common conception of the context-free class of languages as a tool for describing natural languages was that it was too restrictive a class — interpreted strongly (as a way of characterizing structure sets) and even weakly (as a way of characterizing string sets).
