Cultivate Self‐efficacy for Personal and Organizational Effectiveness

Abstract

how long to persevere in the face of difficulties (Bandura, 1997; Locke & Latham, 1990). When faced with obstacles, setbacks, and failures, those who doubt their capabilities slacken their efforts, give up, or settle for mediocre solutions. Those who have a strong belief in their capabilities redouble their effort to master the challenges. Perceived efficacy, similarly, plays an influential role in the incentive and disincentive potential of outcome expectations. The outcomes people anticipate depend largely on their beliefs of how well they can perform in given situations. Those of high efficacy expect to gain favorable outcomes through good performance, whereas those who expect poor performances of themselves conjure up negative outcomes. In theories of motivation founded on the incentives of cognized outcomes, such as expectancy-value theories, motivation is governed by the expectation that a given behavior will produce certain outcomes and the value placed on those outcomes. This t