The use of binary particle swarm optimization to obtain a demand side management system

Abstract

The increasing presence of wind, solar and other intrinsically intermittent sources of energy into the grid will lead to an erratic change of voltage along a distribution feeder. This phenomenon can lead to over- and undervoltages in some nodes of the line. In this paper, consumers will be considered as partially interruptible loads. By curtailing opportune loads, a smoother voltage profile can be obtained. The aim of this paper is to create a curtailment schedule that takes into account both the voltage profile along the line as well as the demands of the consumers. The use of binary particle swarm optimization will be investigated to obtain this demand side management (DSM) system.