Automatic acquisition of word meaning from context

An automatic, incremental lexical acquisition mechanism that uses the context of example sentences to guide inference of the meanings of unknown words and extends the underlying NLP system to search its domain-specific concept representation for an appropriate concept to denote the meaning of the unknown word.

Abstract

This thesis presents an automatic, incremental lexical acquisition mechanism that uses the context of example sentences to guide inference of the meanings of unknown words. The goal of this line of research is to allow a Natural Language Processing (NLP) system to cope with words that it does not know | not just to gloss over them, but to try to infer what they mean. The environment within which this system operates is epitomized by the information extraction task: from virtually unconstrained text, elicit certain information that is deemed interesting. The knowledge acquisition bottleneck inherent in this task imposes constraints on the type of knowledge available for lexical inference. The main objective in this work is to infer as much information as possible about unknown words from context without requiring special-purpose knowledge. This was accomplished by extending the underlying NLP system to search its domain-specific concept representation for an appropriate concept to denote the meaning of the unknown word. The learning method is incremental, so every time the system encounters an example of an unfamiliar word, it adjusts its hypotheses. The basic system evolved through several different stages in order to improve its inferences. Then several variations to the basic system were made to capture especially difficult aspects of the