Body Image and Gender Roles
Elsevier eBooksPublished 1 January 2012
Sarah K. Murnen, Brian P. Don
Citations84
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
Abstract
American women and men are subjected to unrealistic body image ideals that exaggerate characteristics associated with femininity and masculinity: women are supposed to be ‘thin and sexy’ and men are supposed to be ‘strong and muscular’. These stereotyped ideals support gender-stereotyped social roles. Conformity to the ideal body for women is central to their ‘success’ as women, whereas conformity to the ideal body for men is associated with success, but not central to it. Working toward more flexible gender roles for both men and women should promote less body concern.
Keywords
PsychologySocial SciencesHealth Professions
Psychology of Men & MasculinityDevelopment of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory.
1,195 Citations2003James R. Mahalik, Benjamin D. Locke +5 more
American PsychologistRisk factors for eating disorders.
987 Citations2007Ruth H. Striegel‐Moore, Cynthia M. Bulik
The authors illustrate how studies of sociocultural risk factors and biological factors have progressed on parallel tracks and propose that major advances in understanding the etiology of eating disorders require a new generation of studies that integrate these domains.
Psychological BulletinEthnicity and body dissatisfaction among women in the United States: A meta-analysis.
657 Citations2006Shelly Grabe, Janet Shibley Hyde
The findings directly challenge the belief that there are large differences in dissatisfaction between White and all non-White women and suggest that body dissatisfaction may not be the golden girl problem promoted in the literature.
International Journal of Eating DisordersFemale athletes and eating problems: A meta-analysis
563 Citations2000Linda Smolak, Sarah K. Murnen +1 more
There appear to be circumstances under which sports participation by women constitutes a risk factor for certain elements of eating problems and in other situations, athletic participation may be protective against eating problems.
Sex RolesDevelopment of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory
408 Citations2005James R. Mahalik, Elisabeth B. Morray +4 more
Body ImageDoes body satisfaction differ between gay men and lesbian women and heterosexual men and women?
392 Citations2004Melanie A. Morrison, Todd G. Morrison +1 more
In an attempt to identify variables that may be responsible for the observed heterogeneity, the following categorical factors were assessed: the measures used to evaluate body satisfaction, date of study (1980s versus 1990s+), publication status (published or unpublished), and body weight.
The Journal of Sex ResearchFrom Sex to Sexuality: Exposing the Heterosexual Script on Primetime Network Television
370 Citations2007Janna L. Kim, C. Lynn Sorsoli +4 more
A new coding scheme is described to evaluate sexual content from a feminist perspective and captures depictions of boys/men and girls/women thinking, feeling, and behaving in relational and sexual encounters in ways that sustain power inequalities between men and women.
Clinical Psychology ReviewThe role of ethnicity and culture in body image and disordered eating among males
309 Citations2007Lina A. Ricciardelli, Marita P. McCabe +2 more
Evidence suggests that males from a range of cultural groups engage in more extreme body change strategies and binge eating than Whites and Mediating and/or moderating variables are proposed to account for the inconsistent findings.
Psychology of Women QuarterlyRolling with the Changes: A Role Congruity Perspective on Gender Norms
229 Citations2006Amanda B. Diekman, Wind Goodfriend
Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology
184 Citations2010Joan C. Chrisler, Donald R. McCreary
Sex RolesAre Feminist Women Protected from Body Image Problems? A Meta-analytic Review of Relevant Research
161 Citations2008Sarah K. Murnen, Linda Smolak
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent PsychologyPursuit of Muscularity in Adolescent Boys: Relations Among Biopsychosocial Variables and Clinical Outcomes
155 Citations2006Guy Cafri, Patricia van den Berg +1 more
Multiple regression analyses indicated that MD and sports participation significantly predicted substance use, and body dissatisfaction and body mass index were significant predictors of dieting to gain weight.
Sex RolesGender attitudes, feminist identity, and body images among college women
152 Citations1997Thomas F. Cash, Julie R. Ancis +1 more
International Journal of Eating DisordersFemininity, masculinity, and disordered eating: A meta-analytic review
151 Citations1997Sarah K. Murnen, Linda Smolak
Meta-analysis suggested that gender role is related to eating problems, with a small, heterogeneous positive relationship between femininity and eating problems and a small , heterogeneous negative relationship between masculinity and Eating problems.
Sex RolesLongitudinal Gender Differences in Objectified Body Consciousness and Weight-Related Attitudes and Behaviors: Cultural and Developmental Contexts in the Transition from College
100 Citations2006Nita Mary McKinley
Gender and Media: Content, Uses, and Impact
47 Citations2009Dara Greenwood, Julia R. Lippman
Elsevier eBooksA Perfect Biopsychosocial Storm
20 Citations2010Margo Maine, Douglas W. Bunnell
Delineations between the biological, psychological, and social forces underlying eating disorder (ED) are false distinctions, as nature and nurture always go hand in hand.