Corporate Capital Structures in the United States
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Abstract
The U.S. corporate tax distorts the behavior of both real and financial decisions.With respect to the former, the variation in depreciation allowances and investment tax credit provisions across types of investments leads to widely vazying effective tax rates, especially since 1981.Financial policy is distorted by the differential treatment of debt and equity.The wrpose of this paper is to examine, using firm-level panel data, the relationship between real and financial decisions by corporations, in part to determine the extent to which these biases offset or reinforce each other.Our results are tentative and suggest that patterns of real and financial behavior are only partially consistent with predictions of various capital structure models (e.g.bankruptcy/agency cost, limited tax shield) and that there is no obvious offset on the financial side to the tax bias against investment in structures.