Variation in the mineral content of commercially available bottled waters: implications for health and disease
The American Journal of MedicinePublished 1 August 1998
Philippe Garzon, Mark J. Eisenberg
Citations95
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.00
SNIP1.04
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The ideal bottled water should be rich in magnesium and calcium and have a low sodium content, and there is great variation in the mineral content of commercially available bottled waters, which should be considered when selecting one for consumption.
Abstract
The ideal bottled water should be rich in magnesium and calcium and have a low sodium content. Because there is great variation in the mineral content of commercially available bottled waters, the actual mineral content of bottled water should be considered when selecting one for consumption.
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyHealth ProfessionsNursing
The LancetBlood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease
4,511 Citations1990Rory Collins, Richard Peto +12 more
A sufficiently high risk of stroke (perhaps because of age, blood pressure, or, in particular, history of cerebrovascular disease) may be the clearest indication for antihypertensive treatment.
The LancetBlood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease *1Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias
4,281 Citations1990Stephen MacMahon
The DBP results suggest that for the large majority of individuals, whether conventionally "hypertensive" or "normotensive", a lower blood pressure should eventually confer a lower risk of vascular disease.
BMJIntersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.
2,231 Citations1988Gabriel Scally, ; Maezawa;Japan +182 more
Body mass index and heavy alcohol intake had strong, significant independent relations with blood pressure in individual subjects, and the relation of sodium to potassium ratio to blood pressure followed a pattern similar to that of sodium.
Elsevier eBooksMinerals in Animal and Human Nutrition
1,106 Citations2003
This chapter discusses natural sources of Minerals, newly Discovered and Other Trace Elements, and Mineral Supplementation, as well as new discoveries made during the search for these elements.
New England Journal of MedicineThe Pathogenesis and Treatment of Kidney Stones
710 Citations1992Fredric L. Coe, Joan H. Parks +1 more
About three fourths of all kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate, and ten to 20 percent of stones contain struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) produced by a urinary tract infection with bacteria that express the enzyme urease.
CirculationBlood pressure, sodium intake, and sodium related hormones in the Yanomamo Indians, a "no-salt" culture.
541 Citations1975W. J. Oliver, Edwin Cohen +1 more
The Yanomamo Indians are an unacculturated tribe inhabiting the tropical equatorial rain forest of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela who do not use salt in their diet, which presented an unusual opportunity to study the hormonal regulation of sodium metabolism in a culture with life-long extreme restriction of dietary sodium.
The American Journal of MedicineTreatment of hypertensive vascular disease with rice diet
504 Citations1948Walter Kempner
The American Journal of CardiologySudden cardiac death: The major challenge confronting contemporary cardiology
452 Citations1979Bernard Lown
It has become clear that sudden death is not the inexorable culmination of advanced coronary atherosclerosis but instead is the result of ventricular fibrillation and therefore is readily reversible.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionCalcium nutrition and bone health in the elderly
411 Citations1982Robert P. Heaney, John C. Gallagher +4 more
Calcium nutrition is considerably more important in the genesis of osteoporosis than has been commonly thought for the past 35 yr, and the RDA for adults should surely not be lowered below its current level (800 mg), but that it ought to be raised.
ScienceMagnesium Deficiency Produces Spasms of Coronary Arteries: Relationship to Etiology of Sudden Death Ischemic Heart Disease
386 Citations1980Prasad Turlapaty, Burton M. Altura
The hypothesis that magnesium deficiency, associated with sudden death ischemic heart disease, produces coronary arterial spasm is supported.
The LancetDOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMISED CROSSOVER TRIAL OF MODERATE SODIUM RESTRICTION IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
376 Citations1982GrahamA. Macgregor, F Best +5 more
The results suggest that moderate sodium restriction achieved by not adding salt and avoiding sodium-laden foods should, if not already, become part of the management of essential hypertension.
CirculationAntecedents of Cardiovascular Disease in Six Solomon Islands Societies
374 Citations1974Lot B. Page, Albert Damon +1 more
The differences in serum cholesterol and uric acid levels, and in intrapopulation trends of blood pressure in relation to age between the more and less acculturated groups were found to correlate best with dietary differences, especially in intake of salt, and of tinned meat and fish.
HypertensionSalt sensitivity in hypertension. Renal and cardiovascular implications.
348 Citations1994V. M. Campese
In conclusion, salt sensitivity in hypertension is associated with substantial renal, hemodynamic, and metabolic abnormalities that may enhance the risk of cardiovascular and renal morbidity.
Journal of the American Medical AssociationRELATION BETWEEN MORTALITY FROM CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND TREATED WATER SUPPLIES
315 Citations1960Henry A. Schroeder
In the United States variations from state to state in death rates from cardiovascular diseases have been unexplained on dietary, racial, or social bases, but one variable environmental influence to which all persons are exposed is potable water.
American Heart JournalModerate sodium restriction and diuretics in the treatment of hypertension
295 Citations1973J Parijs, J V Joossens +3 more
Using a cross-over type setup with 4 periods of 1 month each in 22 patients with mild, mostly essential hypertension, the antihypertensive action of the following therapeutic regimens were compared, suggesting that a reduction of the daily NaCl intake from 10 to 5 Gm could produce a decrease of blood pressure of about 105 mm.
The LancetDOUBLE-BLIND STUDY OF THREE SODIUM INTAKES AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SODIUM RESTRICTION IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
270 Citations1989Graham A. MacGregor, Giuseppe A. Sagnella +3 more
Results show a progressive blood pressure fall as salt intake is reduced and that, in many patients with mild essential hypertension, blood pressure can be controlled without the need for drug therapy.
New England Journal of MedicineSodium Intake and Blood Pressure in Two Polynesian Populations
264 Citations1968Ian A. Prior, J. Grimley Evans +3 more
Dietary surveys and 48-hour urine collections from subsamples indicate that sodium intake in Rarotonga is about 50 mEq a day higher than in Pukapuka, compatible with Dahl's hypothesis that higher salt intake and higher blood pressures are related.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionThe Requirement of Magnesium by the Normal Adult
221 Citations1964Mildred S. Seelig
The early work on the magnesium deficiency syndrome has been verified and interrelationships of magnesium with other dietary factors have been elucidated and the systems affected in the acute deficiency state are primarily neuromuscular, cardiovascular and renal.
HypertensionAn overview of randomized trials of sodium reduction and blood pressure.
190 Citations1991J A Cutler, Dean Follmann +2 more
It is indicated that sodium reduction lowers mean blood pressure in both hypertensive and nonnotensive individuals for periods of at least several months, highly consistent with results of observational epidemiological studies and have implications for preventive strategies of blood pressure control.
HypertensionSodium is more important than calcium in essential hypertension.
175 Citations1985G A MacGregor
No satisfactory hypothesis has been put forward to explain how a small reduction in dietary calcium intake could cause high blood pressure, but large increases in calcium intake have been reported to lower blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive humans.
The LancetPREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF ISCHqMIC HEART-DISEASE IN A HARD-WATER AND IN A SOFT-WATER AREA
156 Citations1967Thomas Crawford
Chemical analysis of the coronary arteries in the accident series indicated that, at ages under 40 years, there were more men in the soft-water area with very low values for calcium and magnesium suggesting that the mineral content of the arteries is related to the mineralcontent of the drinking-water.
The LancetRANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF A NO-ADDED-SODIUM DIET FOR MILD HYPERTENSION
154 Citations1982TrevorC. Beard, WendyR. Gray +2 more
Reduction of sodium intake permitted drug treatment to be substantially reduced without side-effects or loss of blood-pressure control, and the diet group reported feeling happier, less depressed, and less dependent on analgesics.
The American Journal of CardiologyPossible role of chronic excess salt consumption in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension
137 Citations1961Lewis K. Dahl
It is proposed that this chronic excess consumption of salt may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in man and variations in biological responsiveness will determine which subjects in a group have the disease.
New England Journal of MedicineSudden Death and Ischemic Heart Disease
129 Citations1969T.W. Anderson, W. Harding Le Riche +1 more
This finding suggests that the correlation between cardiac mortality and water hardness may be the result of an increased susceptibility to lethal arrhythmias among residents of soft-water areas.
Blood VesselsMagnesium and Vascular Tone and Reactivity
121 Citations2008Burton M. Altura, Bella T. Altura
It has been reported that the concentration of extracellular magnesium ions ([Mg++]o) can affect blood flow, blood pressure and vascular reactivity in intact mammals.
American Heart JournalMagnesium deficiency and sudden death
116 Citations1992Mark J. Eisenberg
No prospective studies have yet investigated whether large-scale Mg supplementation is useful for the primary prevention of sudden death, but suggested ways of supplementing Mg include public education to change dietary habits, addition of Mg to community water supplies, fortification of foods, and oral supplementation.
The LancetBLOOD-PRESSURE AND ITS CORRELATES IN URBAN AND TRIBAL AFRICA
113 Citations1980P S Sever, D. Gordon +2 more
Diet and obesity may contribute to the rise in arterial pressure that is a consequence of urbanisation, and plasma-renin was common and may be genetically determined.
American Heart JournalCardiovascular disease in the tropics
86 Citations1975
This book on cardiovascular disease in the tropics is intended primarily for doctors and medical students who work in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world but it should also prove useful reading for those working in temperate climates who are concerned about the worldwide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionCalcium bioavailability from a calcium- and sulfate-rich mineral water, compared with milk, in young adult women
79 Citations1995François Couzy, Peter Kastenmayer +4 more
Calcium from the CS-W was as well absorbed and retained as that from milk, and no calciuric effect of sulfate was found, showing that such mineral waters can be valuable dietary sources of calcium.
BMJCardiovascular disease in the tropics. 3. Blood pressure and hypertension.
71 Citations1972A G Shaper
There are communities in whom blood pressure does not rise with age and in whom the problem of essential hypertension and its complications appears to be virtually non-existent, I am speaking of the exceptional minorities.
Journal of the American College of NutritionRole of dietary salt in hypertension.
68 Citations1995F. J. Haddy, M. B. Pamnani
It appears that the inhibitors are steroids released from the adrenal gland and are members of the cardenolide family, e.g., ouabain, and the bufadienolideFamily, eg.
PubMedEpidemiological studies on the relationship between magnesium intake and cardiovascular diseases.
62 Citations1981Heikki Karppanen
Dietary supplementation of individuals in these industrialized nations with Mg is recommended to prevent risk of ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases.
Medical HypothesesSudden-death ischemic heart disease and dietary magnesium intake: Is the target site coronary vascular smooth muscle?
59 Citations1979Burton M. Altura
The concept to be presented suggests that a deficiency in dietary Mg2+ is a key factor in the high incidence of mortality noted in SDIHD in nations of the Western world.
Osteoporosis InternationalAbsorbability of the calcium in a high-calcium mineral water
57 Citations1994Robert P. Heaney, M. Susan Dowell
The availability of the calcium contained in a high-calcium mineral water (Sangemini), popular in Italy, was compared in 18 healthy women with the availability of milk calcium ingested at the same calcium load, using45Ca as the tracer in a randomized cross-over design.
Archives of Environmental Health An International JournalChanges in the Mineral Composition of Food as a Result of Cooking in “Hard” and “Soft” Waters
53 Citations1981B. S. A. HARING, W. van Delft
Investigation of changes in the mineral composition of food found that the concentration of this element in potatoes and vegetables usually increased when cooking with hard-water types, while a decrease was noted when soft water was used for cooking.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionMagnesium Requirements in Adults
51 Citations1967John E. Jones, ROMUALDA MANALO +1 more
HypertensionHuman nutrition and blood pressure regulation: an integrated approach.
51 Citations1982David A. McCarron, Holly J. Henry +1 more
This review highlights the complex interactions that constitute the disciplines of nutrition and cardiovascular physiology and explains why it is necessary to incorporate fully the established principles of nutrition into the current concepts of the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Cardiovascular disease in the tropics. III. Blood pressure and hypertension.
42 Citations1972A. G. Shaper
PubMedSudden death from ischemic heart disease in ontario.
39 Citations1971T.W. Anderson, W. Harding Le Riche
A detailed examination of 1686 deaths occurring in residents of two cities which differ widely in the hardness of their water supply confirmed that in deaths ascribed to heart disease the proportion of sudden deaths was higher in the northern (soft-water) city than in the southern (hard- water) city.
Annals of Internal MedicineHuman Essential Hypertension: Implications of Animal Studies
34 Citations1983Louis Tobian
A lifelong restriction of salt intake of less than 60 meq/d in adults may prevent hypertension indefinitely, and subsequent hypertensive complications, in persons genetically susceptible to hypertension.
Medical Clinics of North AmericaThe role of diet in the genesis and treatment of hypertension
24 Citations1993Peter P. Stein, Henry R. Black
Although salt intake is a factor in the genesis of hypertension, the effectiveness of salt restriction varies between patients, and moderate sodium reduction is a reasonable first step when dealing with a hypertensive patient.
JAMADietary Salt Intake and Blood Pressure
9 Citations1984Norman M. Kaplan
The two articles and accompanying editorials in the July 15, 1983, issue of the Journalpoint out the great contrasts in the strength of the current evidence on the question about dietary sodium in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Southern Medical JournalClinical Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
6 Citations1992Leonard A. Wisneski
FDA-approved therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis includes calcium and vitamin D supplementation, estrogen and progesterone, and calcitonin-salmon, and this article presents a review of the current understanding of each of these.
