Treatment of Schizoaffective Disorder and Schizophrenia With Mood Symptoms
American Journal of PsychiatryPublished 1 August 1999
Douglas F. Levinson, Chandraprakash Umapathy, Mohamado Musthaq
Citations139
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score5.27
SNIP3.68
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Empirical data suggest that both groups of patients are best treated by optimizing antipsychotic treatment and that atypical antipsychotics may prove to be most effective.
Abstract
Empirical data suggest that both groups of patients are best treated by optimizing antipsychotic treatment and that atypical antipsychotics may prove to be most effective. Adjunctive antidepressants may be useful for patients with major depression who are not acutely ill. Careful longitudinal assessment is required to ensure identification of primary mood disorders.
Keywords
PsychologyMedicine
Archives of General PsychiatryResearch Diagnostic Criteria
6,963 Citations1978Robert L. Spitzer
The development and initial reliability studies of a set of specific diagnostic criteria for a selected group of functional psychiatric disorders, the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), indicate high reliability for diagnostic judgments made using these criteria.
Annals of Internal MedicineDementia Praecox and Paraphrenia.
2,922 Citations1972
"Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia" (1919) was the book in which Kraepelin first presented his work on schizophrenia to the English-speaking world, and it was probably the most influential psychiatric text of the entire 20th century, and has now become rare.
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID)
1,627 Citations1992Janet B. W. Williams
A test-retest reliability study of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R was conducted on 592 subjects in four patient and two nonpatient sites in this country as well as one patient site in Germany.
The Journal of Clinical PsychiatryThe Effects of Risperidone on the Five Dimensions of Schizophrenia Derived by Factor Analysis
735 Citations1997S.R. Marder, John M. Davis +1 more
The large between-group differences on negative symptoms, hostility/excitement, and anxiety/depression suggest that risperidone and other serotonin/dopamine antagonists have qualitatively different effects from those of conventional antipsychotic agents.
American Journal of PsychiatryTHE ACUTE SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSES
520 Citations1933J. Kasanin
A good social and industrial adjustment, the presence of a definite and specific environmental stress, the interest in life and its opportunities, and the absence of any passivity or withdrawal are some of the factors favoring recovery.
American Journal of PsychiatryReduction of suicidality during clozapine treatment of neuroleptic- resistant schizophrenia: impact on risk-benefit assessment
439 Citations1995H.Y. Meltzer, Ghadeer Okayli
The results suggest a basis for reevaluation of the risk-benefit assessment of clozapine, i.e., that the overall morbidity and mortality of patients with neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia are less with clozAPine treatment than with typical Neuroleptic drugs because of less suicidality.
Archives of General PsychiatryContinuity and Discontinuity of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
384 Citations1993Wolfgang Maier
There could be a familial relationship between the predispositions to schizophrenia and to major depression, as suggested by a controlled family study of consecutive admissions.
Archives of General PsychiatryPostpsychotic Depression in Schizophrenia
346 Citations1976Thomas H. McGlashan
A review and reformulation of Postpsychotic depression is presented, finding that therapeutic perseverence purportedly can improve the patient's long-term prognosis, and the phenomenon itself may be favorable prognostic sign.
Archives of General PsychiatryA Controlled Family Study of Chronic Psychoses
344 Citations1988Elliot S. Gershon
There was no tendency for schizoaffective diagnosis or acute psychoses to aggregate separately from schizophrenia, and there were not significant differences in the number of relatives with nonbipolar psychoses.
Archives of General PsychiatryDepressive Signs and Symptoms in Schizophrenia
262 Citations1998Gary D. Tollefson, T.M. Sanger +2 more
The British Journal of PsychiatryStudies of Depressive Symptoms in Schizophrenia
219 Citations1981D. A. W. Johnson
Depression assessed by clinical examination and Hamilton rating scale was found in half of untreated new acute schizophrenics and in about a third of chronic schizophrenics who relapsed whether treated with depot injections or not, suggesting that drugs can play a part.
Schizophrenia BulletinDiagnosis of Secondary Depression in Schizophrenia: Implications for DSM-IV
217 Citations1991Samuel G. Siris
The differential diagnosis of secondary depression in schizophrenia is explored and the implications for the inclusion of such a diagnostic category DSM-IV are considered.
PubMedClozapine in the treatment of psychotic mood disorders, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia.
169 Citations1991Susan L. McElroy, Eric C. Dessain +6 more
Clozapine may be a useful drug in the treatment of patients with schizoaffective disorder or psychotic mood disorders who are treatment resistant or intolerant of side effects.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaSchizoaffective illness, schizophrenia and affective disorders: morbidity risk and genetic transmission
163 Citations1982Miron Baron, R Gruen +2 more
When tested for consistency with multiple threshold hypotheses of genetic transmission, schizoaffective illness did not qualify as either a more extreme form of affective illness nor as a disorder that occupies an intermediate position between bipolar and unipolar disorders or is genetically milder than affective disorder.
Archives of General PsychiatryAdjunctive Imipramine in the Treatment of Postpsychotic Depression
149 Citations1987Samuel G. Siris
The existence of an identifiable syndrome of secondary depression in this patient group that is likely to respond favorably to treatment with adjunctive imipramine is indicated.
PubMedAntidepressants in 'depressed' schizophrenic inpatients. A controlled trial.
142 Citations1989Mark S. Kramer, Wolfgang Vogel +7 more
The results suggest that adjunctive antidepressants are not indicated for the treatment of depressive symptoms in actively psychotic schizophrenic inpatients and that adjunctive antidepressants may retard the rate of resolution of psychosis in this population.
Archives of General PsychiatryCombination of Lithium Carbonate and Haloperidol in Schizo-affective Disorder
136 Citations1979Joseph Biederman
American Journal of PsychiatryA DSM-III family study of the nonschizophrenic psychotic disorders
133 Citations1986K. S. Kendler, ALAN M. GRUENBERG +1 more
The authors conducted a blind DSM-III family study based on probands diagnosed from long-term follow-up information as having schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic affective illness, finding the pattern of psychopathology in relatives of schizophreniform probands closely resembled that found previously in families of schizophrenic probands.
American Journal of PsychiatryA placebo-controlled study of lithium combined with neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenic patients
131 Citations1975Joyce G. Small, Jeffrey J. Kellams +2 more
It is suggested that a trial combining lithium with psychotropic drugs is warranted in schizophrenic patients who do not respond satisfactorily to conventional treatment.
Archives of General PsychiatryTreatment of Secondary Depression in Schizophrenia
131 Citations1979Brigitte A. Prusoff
The study concludes that the value of adding an antidepressant to the usual neuroleptic in the treatment of secondary depression in schizophrenia should be reviewed.
Psychological MedicineManic patients with schizophrenic or paranoid symptoms
124 Citations1980Ian Brockington, Steven Wainwright +1 more
A study of 32 patients meeting criteria for ‘schizomanic’ psychosis suggests that most of these patients should be regarded as manic, leading to some revision of present ideas on the incidence and diagnosis of mania.
PubMedClozapine therapy in refractory affective disorders: polarity predicts response in long-term follow-up.
121 Citations1994Michael Banov, Carlos A. Zarate +6 more
Manic symptomatology predicts a more favorable response than depression, and clozapine is an efficacious and well-tolerated therapy for refractory affective illness.
Archives of General PsychiatryA Comparison of Lithium Carbonate and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Excited Schizo-Affectives
121 Citations1972Robert F. Prien
The results showed that lithium carbonate was less effective than chlorpromazine in treating highly active patients and there was no major difference among mildly active patients; both treatments showed a significant reduction in affective and schizophrenic behavior.
Journal of Clinical PsychopharmacologyRisperidone Versus Haloperidol and Amitriptyline in the Treatment of Patients With a Combined Psychotic and Depressive Syndrome
107 Citations1998F. Müller-Siecheneder, Matthias J. Müller +4 more
The results of this trial suggest that the therapeutic effect of HAL/AMI is superior to RIS in the total group of patients with combined psychotic and depressive symptoms, but subgroup differences have to be considered.
Archives of General PsychiatryLong-term Outcome of Major Psychoses
107 Citations1979Ming T. Tsuang
Patients with schizoaffective disorders had a significantly better outcome than those with schizophrenia, but a significantly poorer outcome than Those with affective disorders and surgical conditions.
PubMedClinical predictors of acute risperidone response in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic mood disorders.
101 Citations1995P E Keck, Daniel R. Wilson +6 more
Risperidone may be a useful alternative or adjunctive treatment for patients with schizophrenia refractory to treatment with standard antipsychotic agents, schizoaffective disorder (especially the depressive type), and bipolar disorder when used in conjunction with mood stabilizers.
PubMedFrequency and differential diagnosis of depressive syndromes in schizophrenia.
99 Citations1985R. L. Martin, C. Robert Cloninger +2 more
The frequency, differential diagnosis, and implications of depression occurring in the course of schizophrenia are considered in light of recently reported findings from a follow-up and family study of 500 psychiatric outpatients (the St. Louis 500 Study).
PharmacopsychiatryDouble-blind Comparison of Risperidone and Haloperidol in Schizophrenic and Schizoaffective Psychoses
98 Citations1993Eva Češková, Jaromír Švestka
Risperidone had the benefit of a lower incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects and no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in any of the factors or items except guilt feeling, anxiety, and factor I--anxiety/depression--(p < 0.02) in favour of haloperidol.
Journal of Clinical PsychopharmacologySodium Valproate
95 Citations1987L. McELROY SUSAN, E. KECK PAUL +1 more
It is concluded that valproate deserves further study as a possible treatment for major affective disorder.
Archives of General PsychiatryToward the Validation of RDC Schizoaffective Disorder
94 Citations1980Norman E. Rosenthal
The Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizoaffective disorder was applied to a clinic population of 71 patients with bipolar I disorder and it was concluded that the bipolar I population cannot be further subdivided into meaningful clinical entities using the RDC criteria.
Archives of General PsychiatryMaintenance Imipramine Therapy for Secondary Depression in Schizophrenia
89 Citations1994Samuel G. Siris
The clinical value of maintenance adjunctive imipramine therapy among initially responsive patients with postpsychotic depressions is supported.
Psychological MedicineDiagnostic accuracy and confusability analyses: an application to the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies
87 Citations1996Stephen V. Faraone, Mary C. Blehar +13 more
A psychometric approach to psychiatric nosology that emphasizes the diagnostic accuracy and confusability of diagnostic categories is described, and sensitivity and specificity were excellent for both DSM-III-R and RDC diagnoses of major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaA double‐blind study of adjunctive carbamazepine versus placebo on excited states of schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders
87 Citations1989Takashi Okuma, Itaru Yamashita +7 more
The results suggest that carbamazepine, when used in combination with neuroleptics, is a useful drug for the treatment of excited states of patients with schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders.
Archives of General PsychiatryPharmacotherapy of Impaired Affect in Recovering Schizophrenic Patients
84 Citations1995Gerard E. Hogarty
Most often, persistent affective impairments are neither resistant extrapyramidal side effects nor characterological traits, and thymoleptics improve the nonphasic, chronic types of anxiety and depression in contrast to the acute, episodic forms, for which little support can be found in the literature.
The British Journal of PsychiatryTrials of Lithium, Chlorpromazine and Amitriptyline in Schizoaffective Patients
83 Citations1978Ian Brockington, R. E. Kendell +3 more
In the schizomanic patients lithium seemed as effective as chlorpromazine, which supports the view that these patients were suffering from a variant of mania.
PubMedLithium combined with neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients.
81 Citations1981Carman Js, Bigelow Lb +1 more
In a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study lithium carbonate was added to the neuroleptic treatment of 11 chronic schizophrenic and 7 schizoaffective inpatients, indicating a greater initial severity of symptoms, presence of affective symptoms and episodic course characterized the favorable response group.
PubMedLong-term use of valproate in primary psychiatric disorders.
74 Citations1989Stephen G. Hayes
Patients with either depressive disorders or mixed bipolar disorders demonstrated very similar and quite substantial improvement in mean change in GAS ratings and global evaluations, regardless of whether valproate was administered alone or in combination with lithium.
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Group of Schizoaffective and Related Psychoses-Critique, Record, Follow-Up, and Family Studies
71 Citations1974Jack Croughan
Patients in the first group cannot be regarded as having typical paranoid schizophrenia because of having met criteria for affective disorder, and because the chronic course was manifested substantially more by affective symptoms than the second group.
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Group of Schizoaffective and Related Psychoses-Critique, Record, Follow-Up, and Family Studies
70 Citations1974Amos Weiner
The study method involves characterizing diagnostic entities by specific combinations of clinical symptoms, course of illness, and family history, defining such entities by specified criteria.
American Journal of PsychiatryMania and Schizo-Affective Disorder, Manic Type: A Comparison
66 Citations1976Richard M. Abrams, Michael Alan Taylor
Psychiatric ServicesThe European Experience With Use of Clozapine
63 Citations1990Д. Набер, Hanns Hippius
Findings agree with those of other European studies and suggest that when hematological and other variables are carefully controlled, the benefits of clozapine therapy outweigh the risks.
PubMedDivalproex sodium in the treatment of refractory affective disorders.
58 Citations1993MARY R. SCHAFF, J Fawcett +1 more
Clinical experience with divalproex sodium in the treatment of 63 patients with a variety of affective disorders that had proved refractory to conventional pharmacotherapy confirms previous findings that both mania and rapid mood cycling may respond to a pharmacologic regimen that includes divalProex.
American Journal of PsychiatryMania and schizo-affective disorder, main type: a comparison
56 Citations1976Richard M. Abrams, Michael Alan Taylor
The authors report data gathered from a consecutive sample of 88 psychiatric inpatients who were diagnosed as having either manic disorder or schizo-affective disorder, manic type, according to Research Diagnostic Criteria similar to those proposed for DSM-III.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaAntidepressant drugs in anergic schizophrenia: A DOUBLE‐BLIND CROSS‐OVER STUDY WITH MAPROTILINE AND PLACEBO
52 Citations1980J Waehrens, Jes Gerlach
It must be concluded that antidepressant drugs do not represent any therapeutic advance in the treatment of inactive schizophrenic patients receiving neuroleptics.
Comprehensive PsychiatryECT in medication resistant schizoaffective disorder
48 Citations1981Richard K. Ries, Lawrence G. Wilson +2 more
ECT is a very effective acute treatment in schizoaffective disorder and a subgroup of young patients with prominent confusion and lack of response to medications for whom ECT is particularly effective, and lithium should be considered as a prophylactic treatment with these patients.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseWhen a Schizoaffective Diagnosis Has Meaning
47 Citations1981Jonathan M. Himmelhoch, Carilyn Z. Fuchs +3 more
This investigation shows that if schizoaffective illness is diagnosed using the nonacute parameter “presence of interepisodic thought disorder,” it looks more like schizophrenia.
PubMedLithium versus fluphenazine for prophylaxis in mainly schizophrenic schizo-affectives.
43 Citations1984Mattes Ja, Devdutt Nayak
A compare l'effet prophylactique du lithium et du fluphenazine chez des schizophreniques schizoaffectifs, les resultats obtenus suggerent qu'une combinaison de lithium et de neuroleptiques pourrait etre optimale pour ce type of patients.
The British Journal of PsychiatryLithium Combined with Haloperidol in Schizophrenic Patients
40 Citations1988Yaacov Lerner, Yaacov Mintzer +1 more
The schizophrenic patients who were on the depressive side of the median BPRS depression score were found to be the most resistant to neuroleptic treatment alone, and benefited from the addition of lithium.
Journal of Affective DisordersLithium prophylaxis of schizoaffective disorders: a prospective study
39 Citations1988Mario Maj
The study confirmed the efficacy of lithium prophylaxis in broadly defined schizoaffective disorders, but showed that this treatment is relatively ineffective in schizoAffective patients with a prominent schizophrenic-like component in their clinical picture and in those diagnosed cross-sectionally as schizodepressive.
The Journal of Clinical PharmacologyViloxazine and the Depressed Schizophrenic—Methodological Issues
35 Citations1981Albert A. Kurland, ARRAMRAJU NAGARAJU
The study raised some question as to the adequacies of the dosage utilized since there was an absence of any apparent side effects, and the clinical merit of the combination obviously requires further investigation.
American Journal of PsychiatryImplications of the efficacy of thiothixene and a chlorpromazine- imipramine combination for depression in schizophrenia
35 Citations1983Robert E. Becker
Journal of Affective DisordersThe effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar and unipolar depressions and schizo-affective disorders
30 Citations1986Theo Bouman, Joke G. Niemantsverdriet-van Kampen +2 more
Lithium prophylaxis resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of episodes and hospital admissions in bipolar and schizo-affective disorders and these two groups showed frequent relapses after termination of the proPHylaxis.
Drug Development ResearchBupropion and thiothixene versus placebo and thiothixene in the treatment of depression in schizophrenia
30 Citations1988Robert L. Dufresne, David J. Kass +1 more
The antidepressant bupropion as an adjunct to thiothixene was less effective in the treatment of depressed schizophrenic patients than the antipsychotic alone and appeared to inhibit the therapeutic effects of thiOTHixene primarily in the depressive symptoms of the syndrome.
PubMedComparison of bupropion alone and with haloperidol in schizo-affective disorder, depressed type.
27 Citations1983Goode Dj, Manning Aa
While treatment of schizo-affective disordered patients with buPropion and haloperidol is efficacious, the use of bupropion alone carries a significant risk of exacerbation of psychotic symptoms.
Archives of General PsychiatryAmitriptyline-Perphenazine Interaction in Ambulatory Schizophrenic Patients
27 Citations1975Guy Chouinard
PharmacopsychiatryClinical Efficacy of Carbamazepine in Affective, Schizoaffective, and Schizophrenic Disorders
26 Citations1989Takashi Okuma, Itaru Yamashita +8 more
The present study seems to confirm the usefulness of CBZ for the treatment of affective disorders and in some cases, of schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders.
PubMedThioridazine improves affective symptoms in schizophrenic patients.
24 Citations1993Robert L. Dufresne, D. Valentino +1 more
Compared with the molindone- and haloperidol- treated patients, the thioridazine-treated patients were significantly improved over time as measured by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) total scores.
American Journal of PsychiatryLithium carbonate and L-tryptophan in the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders
23 Citations1983Timothy D. Brewerton, Victor I. Reus
Psychiatria ClinicaClassification and Course of Schizo-Affective Psychoses
6 Citations2010B. Küfferle, G. Lenz
A relationship between the absence of the schizophrenic axial syndrome and a good response to prophylactic lithium treatment was observed and significant differences between these groups in regard to the development of residual symptoms were shown.