Memory Distortion and Dissociation: Exploring the Relationship in a Non-Clinical Sample
Journal of Trauma & DissociationPublished 1 June 2002
Daniel B. Wright, Damien Livingston-Raper
Citations32
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score0.97
SNIP1.43
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is a growing interest in the relationship between the tendency to have dissociative experiences and performance on several cognitive tasks, in particular the susceptibility to memory distortions. Participants are shown a video of a crime and then are given a post-event questionnaire that has several misleading questions. Later, participants are questioned about the event. The sample showed a large range in susceptibility to the post-event misleading information. This susceptibility was related to their responses to a dissociative experiences questionnaire (based on the DES) adapted for non-clinical populations (DES C). The results are discussed in relation to theories of memory distortion.
Keywords
PsychologyMedicineNeuroscience
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationStatistics and Causal Inference
5,110 Citations1986Paul W. Holland
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseDevelopment, Reliability, and Validity of a Dissociation Scale
3,747 Citations1986E. M. Bernstein, Frank W. Putnam
The Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) has been developed to offer a means of reliably measuring dissociation in normal and clinical populations and was able to distinguish between subjects with a dissociative disorder (multiple personality) and all other subjects.
Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and CognitionCreating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists.
3,618 Citations1995Henry L. Roediger, Kathleen B. McDermott
Elsevier eBooksIntroduction to Robust Estimation and Hypothesis Testing
2,109 Citations2012Rand R. Wilcox
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorReconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory
1,895 Citations1974Elizabeth F. Loftus, John Palmer
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & MemorySemantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory.
1,404 Citations1978Elizabeth F. Loftus, David Miller +1 more
The results suggest that information to which a witness is exposed after an event, whether that information is consistent or misleading, is integrated into the witness's memory of the event.
Journal of the American Statistical AssociationStatistics and Causal Inference
1,086 Citations1986Paul W. Holland
Psychological BulletinBivariate median splits and spurious statistical significance.
645 Citations1993Scott E. Maxwell, Harold D. Delaney
Psychonomic Bulletin & ReviewImagination inflation: Imagining a childhood event inflates confidence that it occurred
638 Citations1996Maryanne Garry, Charles G. Manning +2 more
This experiment asks if imagining events from one’s past can affect memory for childhood events, drawing on the social psychology literature showing that imagining a future event increases the subjective likelihood that the event will occur.
American Journal of PsychiatryValidity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: a multicenter study
491 Citations1993Eve B. Carlson, Frank W. Putnam +6 more
The results indicate that the Dissociative Experiences Scale performs quite well as a screening instrument to identify subjects with multiple personality disorder, and the consistency of responses to scale items across centers indicates that the symptoms reported by patients with multiple Personality disorder are highly similar across diverse geographic centers.
American PsychologistOn the "general acceptance" of eyewitness testimony research: A new survey of the experts.
364 Citations2001Saul M. Kassin, V. Anne Tubb +2 more
There was a strong consensus that the following phenomena are sufficiently reliable to present in court: the wording of questions, lineup instructions, confidence malleability, mug-shot-induced bias, postevent information, child witness suggestibility, attitudes and expectations, and unconscious transference.
MemoryIndividual Differences and the Creation of False Childhood Memories
334 Citations1998Ira E. Hyman, F. James Billings
It is found that factors that decrease one's ability to engage in reality monitoring are related to the acceptance of false events and the creation of false memories.
British Journal of PsychologyMemory conformity: Exploring misinformation effects when presented by another person
326 Citations2000Daniel B. Wright, Gail Self +1 more
Two experiments demonstrate that post-event information, when delivered by another person, can affect people's memory reports and parallels with eyewitness testimony in the Oklahoma bombing case and implications for police interviewing more generally are discussed.
Medical Entomology and ZoologyDissociative Identity Disorder: Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatment of Multiple Personality
275 Citations1996Colin A. Ross
American PsychologistFrom the lab to the police station: A successful application of eyewitness research.
205 Citations2000Gary L. Wells, Roy S. Malpass +4 more
Psychonomic Bulletin & ReviewIndividual differences in imagination inflation
178 Citations1999Christopher Heaps, Michael R. Nash
It is suggested that imagination plays a role in subsequent likelihood judgments regarding childhood events, and that some individuals are more likely than others to experience imagination inflation.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological SciencesSource monitoring and memory distortion
164 Citations1997The American Association for Research into Nervous and Mental Diseases, Marcia K. Johnson
Experimental and clinical evidence regarding cognitive mechanisms and underlying brain structures of source monitoring are discussed and memory distortion reflects failures to identify the sources of mental experience.
Applied Cognitive PsychologyIndividual differences in susceptibility to memory illusions
151 Citations1998Eugene Winograd, Jennifer P. Peluso +1 more
The American Journal of PsychologyMeasuring Dissociation: Comparison of Alternative Forms of the Dissociative Experiences Scale
112 Citations1999Daniel B. Wright, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Alternative ways of measuring self-reported dissociative experiences are developed, including a form of the DES in which people were required to rate how often they have each of 28 experiences compared with other people that was superior in avoiding problems of floor effects and skewness.
Applied Cognitive PsychologyAbsorption, dissociation, and fantasy-proneness as predictors of memory distortion in autobiographical and laboratory-generated memories
99 Citations1998Richard D. Platt, Steven C. Lacey +2 more
Applied Cognitive PsychologyCognitive environments and dissociative tendencies: performance on the standard Stroop task for high versus low dissociators
96 Citations1998Jennifer J. Freyd, Susan Martorello +3 more
Personality and Individual DifferencesDissociative experiences, response bias, and fantasy proneness in college students
95 Citations2000Harald Merckelbach, Peter Muris +2 more
Applied Cognitive PsychologyChanging beliefs and memories through dream interpretation
87 Citations1999Giuliana Mazzoni, Elizabeth F. Loftus +2 more
Applied Cognitive PsychologyIndividual differences in suggestibility: examining the influence of dissociation, absorption, and a history of childhood abuse
80 Citations1998Mitchell L. Eisen, Eve B. Carlson
Journal of Experimental Child PsychologyHow Misinformation Alters Memories
77 Citations1998Daniel B. Wright, Elizabeth F. Loftus
It is described how the Brainerd and Reyna's conjoint misinformation method and their fuzzy-trace theory fits with the other methods and theories which have been used to understand how misleading postevent information affects people's memory.
JAMAHouse of Cards: Psychology and Psychotherapy Built on Myth
74 Citations1994Thomas H. Lewis
Professor Dawes' book is not a derisory expose, as the title might suggest, but a thoughtful scrutiny of the present state of scientific thinking and the lack of it in clinical practice.
Urban ClimateManufacturing Victims: What the Psychology Industry Is Doing to People
73 Citations1996Tana Dineen
Applied Cognitive PsychologyWhen guided visualization procedures may backfire: imagination inflation and predicting individual differences in suggestibility
64 Citations1998John R. Paddock, Abigayl L. Joseph +4 more
Applied Cognitive PsychologyIndividual differences related to two types of memory errors: word lists may not generalize to autobiographical memory
60 Citations1998Carol Wilkinson, Ira E. Hyman
Law and Human BehaviorTen years in the life of an expert witness.
58 Citations1986Elizabeth F. Loftus
MemoryMisinformation and warnings in eyewitness testimony: A new testing procedure to differentiate explanations
50 Citations1993Daniel B. Wright
An experiment designed to differentiate the various explanations of why misleading post-event information results in errant recollections suggests multiple traces may exist for a limited period, but not indefinitely.
MemoryFlashbulb memories: Conceptual and methodological issues
38 Citations1995Daniel B. Wright, George Gaskell
It is argued that research should be directed towards more unified theorising, and methodologies appropriate for this approach are described.
Journal of Personality DisordersChildhood Abuse and Three Measures of Altered States of Consciousness (Dissociation, Absorption and Mysticism) in a Female Outpatient Sample
12 Citations1996Jerome Kroll, Joanna M. Fiszdon +1 more
MemoryHow Memory Research can Benefit from CASM
5 Citations1998Daniel B. Wright, Elizabeth F. Loftus
The size and coverage of sample surveys, and the techniques used to examine how respondents understand survey questions, could be of much value for exploring some aspects of memory research.