Worldwide increase in incidence of Type I diabetes - the analysis of the data on published incidence trends
DiabetologiaPublished 3 December 1999Open access
Päivi Onkamo, S. Väänänen, M. J. Karvonen, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Citations889
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score3.62
SNIP2.67
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The incidence of Type I diabetes is increasing worldwide both in low and high incidence populations, and by the year 2010 the incidence will be 50 per 100 000 a year in Finland and also in many other populations it will exceed 30 per 100000 a year.
Abstract
The incidence of Type I diabetes is increasing worldwide both in low and high incidence populations. By the year 2010 the incidence will be 50 per 100000 a year in Finland and also in many other populations it will exceed 30 per 100000 a year.
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
DiabetologiaConcordance for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort of twins in Finland
653 Citations1992Jaakko Kaprio, Jaakko Tuomilehto +6 more
Heritability for Type 1 diabetes was greater than that for Type 2 where both genetic and environmental effects seemed to play a significant role, according to computerized record linkage from death certificates, the National Hospital Discharge Register and the National Drug Register.
DiabetesA Prospective Study of the Role of Coxsackie B and Other Enterovirus Infections in the Pathogenesis of IDDM
419 Citations1995Heikki Hyöty, M. Hiltunen +9 more
Exposure to enterovirus infections, both in utero and in childhood, are able to induce β-cell damage and lead to clinical IDDM after a varying subclinical period, and this first prospective study designed to assess the role of coxsackie B and other enterov virus infections in the induction and acceleration of this process is suggested.
The LancetIncidence of childhood-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the EURODIAB ACE study
413 Citations1992Anders Green, Elaine Gale +1 more
The collaborative network now established provides a framework for further studies to examine the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the cause and pathogenesis of IDDM.
DiabetologiaA review of the recent epidemiological data on the worldwide incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
384 Citations1993M. Karvonen, Jaakko Tuomilehto +2 more
A clear difference in incidence appeared between northern and southern hemisphere with no countries below the equator having an incidence greater than 15.0 per 100,000, and the highest incidence in the world was in northern Europe, but within the continent scale there were some striking exceptions.
BMJConcordance rates of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a population based study of young Danish twins
356 Citations1995Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Anders Green +1 more
The genetic component to the disease seems more important than hitherto believed and the risk of insulin dependent diabetes in monozygotic twins and for dizygotic twins is higher than in ordinary first degree relatives.
The LancetRELATION BETWEEN BREAST-FEEDING AND INCIDENCE RATES OF INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS
339 Citations1984K. Borch‐Johnsen, Thomas Mandrup‐Poulsen +5 more
E Epidemiological data show that the incidence of childhood IDDM may now be declining and suggest an inverse correlation between breast-feeding frequency and IDDM in childhood, and it is postulated that insufficient breast- feeding of genetically susceptible newborn infants may lead to beta-cell infection and ID DM later in life.
BMJRising incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 5 years in the Oxford region: time trend analysis
242 Citations1997Stephen Gardner, Polly J. Bingley +3 more
Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 5 years has risen markedly in the Oxford region over the past decade, and environmental influences encountered before birth or in early postnatal life are likely to be responsible.
DiabetesGeographic Patterns of Childhood Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
240 Citations1988Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group
It appears that the risk for IDDM is determined by factor(s) correlated to the average yearly temperature of environment and to the ethnicity of the population at risk.
BMJDietary factors and the risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes in childhood.
225 Citations1990Gisela Dahlquist, Lisa Blom +3 more
Nutrients and food additives such as protein, carbohydrate, and nitrosamine compounds may influence the risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes in childhood and significant trends in odds ratios indicate a causal relation.
The LancetEVIDENCE FOR A FOOD ADDITIVE AS A CAUSE OF KETOSIS-PRONE DIABETES
208 Citations1981T. Helgason
It is implied that a common food additive contributes to the production of ketosis-prone diabetes, not in the consumer but in the progeny.
Diabetes CareGeographic Differences in the Risk of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: The Importance of Registries
208 Citations1985Ronald E. LaPorte, Naoko Tajima +12 more
The major needs for the future studies include to clarify the definition of IDDM for epidemiologic study, to establish a standardized approach for IDDM registries, to use registries to evaluate viral, immunologic, and genetic differences in order to explain differential risks across populations, and to encourage the development of new population-based registries worldwide.
DiabetologiaDietary protein: a trigger of insulin-dependent diabetes in the BB rat?
204 Citations1984R.B. Elliott, J. M. Martin
Animals from a colony of spontaneously diabetic insulin-dependent BB rats were fed from weaning with semisynthetic diets in which natural proteins were replaced by l-amino acids with or without the addition of either milk or wheat proteins, reducing the normal 50% incidence of diabetes in the colony.
DiabetesEarly Exposure to Cow's Milk and Solid Foods in Infancy, Genetic Predisposition, and Risk of IDDM
187 Citations1993Jill N Kostraba, Karen J. Cruickshanks +7 more
Data indicate that early exposure to cow's milk and solid foods may be associated with increased risk of IDDM, and the inclusion of HLA-encoded risk in the analyses demonstrates the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors.
DiabetologiaThe Swedish childhood diabetes study
178 Citations1991Lisa Blom, L. Nystr�m +1 more
A protective effect of measles vaccination for Type 1 diabetes in childhood is indicated as well as a possible causal relationship between the onset of the disease and the total load of recent infections.
PubMedTrends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood.
165 Citations1988Marian Rewers, R. E Laporte +2 more
The results of this international collaboration emphasize the importance of population-based incidence registries which became an indispensable tool in etiological investigation and health-delivery planning in the area of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
Diabetes CareRising Incidence of IDDM in Europe
146 Citations1989P. J. Bingley, Edwin Gale
The number of genetically susceptible individuals within these populations has increased, and the rapidity of the change suggests that environmental factors are responsible.
DiabetesThe Pittsburgh Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Registry: The Incidence of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (1965–1976)
136 Citations1981Ronald E. LaPorte, Howard Fishbein +5 more
An Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry has been developed in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, through hospital record review and surveillance of pediatric practices, and there were no temporal trends in incidence for 1965–1976 nor major sex differences.
Diabetic MedicineNitrate and Nitrite Intake and the Risk for Type 1 Diabetes in Finnish Children
132 Citations1994Suvi Μ. Virtanen, L. Jaakkola +7 more
Diabetic children's and their mothers' daily dietary intake of nitrite was greater compared with that of control children and mothers, and was positively associated with the risk for Type 1 diabetes independently from length of mother's education, child's or mother's age, place of residence, mother's smoking status.
DiabetologiaIncreasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children 0?14 years of age 1973?1982
113 Citations1989Geir Joner, O. S�vik
Norway has a high and apparently increasing incidence of childhood diabetes, with a marked geographic variation and secular trend that present challenging clues for a search of etio-pathogenic factors.
International Journal of EpidemiologyChildhood Onset Diabetes—Time Trends and Climatological Factors
108 Citations1994Gisela Dahlquist, L Mustonen
The increasing trend in childhood diabetes in Sweden during the past 15 years was mainly due to an increase in incidence in children younger than 10 years of age with onset during the first half of the observation period.
DiabetesSecular Trends in Incidence of Childhood IDDM in 10 Countries
108 Citations1990Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group
For the past 2 decades, a linear increase in IDDM risk for people <15 yr of age has been observed in most of Europe and the Western Pacific but not in North America.
International Journal of EpidemiologyIncrease in Incidence of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus among Children in Finland
105 Citations1995Jaakko Tuomilehto, Esa Virtala +6 more
The age-at-diagnosis of IDDM has been moving towards the younger ages, and differences in incidence between age groups have now almost disappeared among Finnish children aged 1-14 years.
Trends in GeneticsMultifactorial inheritance in type 1 diabetes
96 Citations1995Heather J. Cordell, John A. Todd
This work has shown that the major disease locus, IDDM1 in the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21, accounts for about 35% of the observed familial clustering and its contribution to disease susceptibility is likely to involve polymorphic residues of class II molecules in T-cell-mediated autoimmunity.
PubMedMumps infections in the etiology of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
83 Citations1988Heikki Hyöty, P Leinikki +8 more
The results confirm several earlier reports suggesting a connection between mumps and Type 1 diabetes and that the onset of diabetes may be delayed by several years.
Diabetic MedicineFeeding in Infancy and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Finnish Children
68 Citations1992Suvi Μ. Virtanen, Leena Räsänen +6 more
Early infant feeding patterns are associated with the risk of Type 1 diabetes developing at the age of 7 to 14 years, and these associations remained significant after adjusting for the mother's education.
DiabetologiaThe epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom: The Yorkshire regional childhood diabetes register
67 Citations1993Anthony Staines, H. J. Bodansky +4 more
A register of the incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in the Yorkshire region of the United Kingdom has been completed, with a marked epidemic pattern with peaks at 4-year intervals.
DiabetesIncidence of IDDM in Montreal by Ethnic Group and by Social Class and Comparisons With Ethnic Groups Living Elsewhere
67 Citations1988Jack Siemiatycki, Eleanor Colle +4 more
Examination of the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among children aged 0–14 yr in Montreal by social class and by ethnic group from 1971 to 1985 is compatible with the hypothesis that both genetic and environmental factors influence IDDM risk.
The LancetA NEW LOOK AT HLA GENETICS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO TYPE-1 DIABETES
65 Citations1979A G Cudworth
Irrespective of which parent contributed the HLA A1-B8 haplotype, there was a significantly increased incidence of male children who inherited this particular haplotype and probably explains the known excess of male diabetic children.
EpidemiologyIncidence of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Colorado
62 Citations1992Jill N Kostraba, Elizabeth C Gay +6 more
No temporal trend in diabetes incidence was observed overall or by ethnic group, and the increasing insulin-dependent diabetes incidence reported by registries in Europe during this time period was not observed in Colorado.
DiabetologiaSerological evaluation of the role of cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of IDDM: a prospective study
58 Citations1995M. Hiltunen, H. Hy�ty +6 more
The hypothesis that primary cytomegalovirus infection and the appearance of islet cell autoantibodies or the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) does not support the hypothesis thatPrimary cytomeGalovirus infections could initiate the cascade leading to autoimmune destruction of the beta cells.
DiabetologiaIncidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983-1992
57 Citations1997Žilvinas Padaiga, Jaakko Tuomilehto +8 more
From 1983 to 1992 the incidence of childhood onset IDDM was increasing in Finland and Lithuania, while in Latvia and Estonia it was stable, and there are still great differences in IDDM incidence between the countries around the Baltic Sea.
Diabetes CareHigh Incidence of Childhood-Onset IDDM in Kuwait
49 Citations1995Azza Shaltout, M. Qabazard +7 more
Kuwait has the highest incidence of IDDM in children in the region, and an apparently increasing incidence has been demonstrated over the last decade, suggesting a rapid increase in a short period of time.
Diabetes CareEthnic Differences in the Incidence of Childhood IDDM in Israel (1965–1993): Marked increase since 1985, especially in Yemenite Jews
45 Citations1997Igor Shamis, Orit Gordon +3 more
Israel is a country with low, intermediate, and high incidence of childhood IDDM, and it was found that in all Jewish subgroups, in contrast with the Arabs, there was a marked increase in incidence after 1985.
Diabetes CareDescriptive Epidemiology of IDDM in Hokkaido, Japan: The Childhood IDDM Hokkaido Registry
44 Citations1998Nobuo Matsuura, Katsuhiro Fukuda +6 more
This is the first population-based, long-term epidemiological study of childhood IDDM from Japan and observed a significantly higher annual incidence in female subjects, older age-groups, subjects with no family history of diabetes, season, and 5-year period.
Diabetic MedicineRising Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Hungarian Children (1978–1987)
41 Citations1990Gy. Soltész, L Madácsy +3 more
Age‐specific incidence rates increased until puberty with peak incidence in girls at 10 yr, and in boys at 13 yr, while there was a significant seasonal variation of onset with peaks in autumn and winter.
PubMedGenetics of type 1 diabetes.
40 Citations1997John A. Todd
The results suggest that the clustering of type 1 diabetes in families is due to the sharing of alleles at multiple loci, and that the as yet unidentified environmental factors are not causing clustering, but instead appear to influence the overall penetrance of genetically programmed susceptibility.
American Journal of EpidemiologyPOISSON REGRESSION MODELING OF TEMPORAL VARIATION IN INCIDENCE OF CHILDHOOD INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, AND WIELKOPOLSKA, POLAND, 1970-1985
36 Citations1989Marian Rewers, Roslyn A. Stone +5 more
In this study, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus incidence below age 15 years was examined in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and in Wielkopolska, Poland, two areas diverse in terms of their geography and average risk for this disease.
DiabetologiaIncreasing incidence of early onset Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: a study of Danish male birth cohorts
34 Citations1992A. Green, Kjeld Andersen +2 more
A cohort study of a series of Danish male birth cohorts investigated regarding the development of Type 1 diabetes during the first 20 years of life using the files of the Danish Conscript Board and supplemented by a search in the Danish National Registry of Deaths.
Diabetic MedicineIncidence of childhood‐onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Devon and Cornwall, England, 1975–1996
34 Citations1999Hongxin Zhao, Elizabeth Stenhouse +6 more
The objective is to determine the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children aged 0–15 years in the far south‐west of England between 1975 and 1996.
Diabetes CareIs the Incidence of Diabetes Increasing in All Age-Groups in The Netherlands?: Results of the second study in the Dutch Sentinel Practice Network
33 Citations1996Dirk Ruwaard, R Gijsen +4 more
There is a marked increase in the incidence of diabetes in the age-group 45–64 years, probably not due to a real rise caused by changes in exposure to risk factors but to an earlier recognition of symptoms and signs of diabetes followed by blood glucose measurements and/or to more intensive case finding in general practice.
Diabetes CareIncreasing Incidence of IDDM in Austrian Children: A nationwide study 1979–1993
33 Citations1995Edith Schober, Ursula Schneider +3 more
The incidence of childhood IDDM in Austria, a European country with an intermediate risk for IDDM, showed a proportionally similar increase to that of Northern European countries over the past decade, following mainly a linear trend with superimposed sudden outbreaks indicating environmental causative factors.
DiabetologiaIncidence and prevalence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Icelandic children 1970?1989
32 Citations1992T. Helgason, Ragnar Daníelsen +1 more
It is confirmed that both the incidence and prevalence of childhood Type 1 diabetes in Iceland are low compared to the other Nordic countries, and may suggest a causative role for environmental factors that are not related to latitude or ambient temperature.
American Journal of EpidemiologyChildhood Diabetes, Epidemics, and Epidemiology: An Approach for Controlling Diabetes
31 Citations1992World Health Organization DIAMOND Project Group on Epidemics
It is argued that the development of a surveillance system for early identification of epidemics plus field studies are needed to determine the etiology and mode of transmission of the disease.
Diabetes CareTemporal Variation in Incidence of IDDM in Canterbury, New Zealand
27 Citations1992Russell Scott, Laurie Brown +3 more
A significant seasonal association to the onset of IDDM was found only in boys, with incidence rates being significantly higher in winter than in summer (P < 0.01), and there has been no significant increase in IDDM incidence over time.
Diabetes CareShanghai, China, Has the Lowest Confirmed Incidence of Childhood Diabetes in the World
26 Citations1994Hua Fu, Shuixian Shen +5 more
The incidence of childhood diabetes in Shanghai, China, from 1980 to 1991 was one of the lowest, if not the highest, in the world.
Diabetic MedicineType 1 Diabetes in the Maltese Islands
24 Citations1989Anna Schranz, V. Prikatsky
The incidence rates are close to those in Nordic countries and indicate that Type 1 diabetes in Malta is underestimated, and the commonest age of onset was 10 to 14 years.
Diabetes CareIDDM Incidence in a Multiracial Population: The Hawaii IDDM Registry, 1980–1990
23 Citations1997Sarah Patrick, Jane K. Kadohiro +6 more
IDDM incidence among children < 15 years of age in Hawaii was the lowest documented in the U.S. and temporal variation in IDDM incidence corresponded with a mid-1980s pandemic of IDDM documented elsewhere.
Diabetes CareIncidence and Prevalence of Childhood Diabetes in Slovakia (1985–1992)
22 Citations1995D Michalková, J Cernay +4 more
The incidence of IDDM in Slovak children (0–14 years) is similar to what has been found in other Central European countries, and in children younger than 4 years of age, in the last 2 years more patients with diabetes were found than in any period during the preceding 6 years.
A Possible Virus Etiology for Juvenile Diabetes
21 Citations1976D. R. Gamble
A number of animal models of virus-induced diabetes have now been described; Encephalomyocarditis, foot-and-mouth virus, and Coxsackie B4 virus have all been found to be diabetogenic in animals.
The Medical Journal of AustraliaDramatic increase in incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Western Australia
21 Citations1994Heath Kelly, Maree T. Russell +2 more
To document and suggest possible reasons for a dra‐matic increase in the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Western Australia in 1992.
Diabetes CareEpidemiology of IDDM in Switzerland: Increasing incidence rate and rural-urban differences in Swiss men born 1948-1972
21 Citations1994Eugen J. Schoenle, Luciano Molinari +3 more
The incidence of IDDM in Switzerland is comparable to other countries in central Europe and has been increasing in the last 20 years, and the data suggest exogenous factors inducing IDDM at a younger age in urban regions.
Diabetic MedicineIncidence and Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Benghazi, Libya
18 Citations1993O.A. Kadiki, Salma Moawad
The mean annual incidence rates of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Arab children and adolescents in Benghazi, Libya were assessed as based on prospective registration of patients during the period 1981–1990 and increase in prevalence rates was significant in both sexes and in both age groups.
Annals of MedicineHLA Antigens in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
18 Citations1991Eva Tuomilehto‐Wolf, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Genetically the potential for primary prevention of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus already exists and will become a reality as soon as the environmental determinants are identified.
Diabetic MedicineComparison of incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children and young adults in the Province of Turin, Italy, 1984-91
17 Citations1997Graziella Bruno, Franco Merletti +4 more
This study shows sex differences in IDDM risk in young adults; 55 % of incident cases occurring inYoung adults; an independent contribution of urban/rural differences toIDDM risk; no temporal trend in 1984–91; a seasonal pattern of incidence in children; no significant differences in clinical presentation between age groups.
PubMedEpidemiology of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus in the East-German population: differences in long-term trends between incidence and prevalence rates.
17 Citations1993D Michaelis, E Jutzi +1 more
The incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in East-Germany increased over the past 3 decades of registration by about 94% in children and adolescents, by 38% in adults aged 20-29 yrs.
Diabetes CareIncidence of IDDM in the Province Of Rzeszów, Poland, 0- to 29-Year-Old Age-Group, 1980–1992
17 Citations1995M Grzywa, A Sobel
This study documents the low incidence rate and seasonal dependence of IDDM among people 0–29 years of age in the province of Rzeszów, Poland.
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Incidence of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Urban Districts of Shanghai (1989-1993)
13 Citations1996Shuixian Shen, Wang Hong-bing +11 more
The incidence of childhood IDDM in the urban districts of Shanghai was reconfirmed to be the lowest in the world but by comparing the results of former investigations a trend was found of increasing incidence of IDDM.
Diabetes CareEpidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus in Prince Edward Island
11 Citations1981Meng H. Tan, M Charleen Wornell +1 more
In Prince Edward Island, all diabetic inhabitants who register annually with the Provincial Department of Health can obtain prescribed hypoglycemic medications and urine testing materials free of charge.
DiabetologiaSerological evaluation of the role of cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of IDDM: a prospective study
7 Citations1995M. Hiltunen, H. Hy�ty +6 more
PubMedIncidence of childhood diabetes did not increase in Estonia during 1980-89.
5 Citations1994Toomas Podar, Laporte Re
Evidence is provided that the incidence of childhood Type 1 diabetes was relatively stable in Estonia during the past decade in contrast to some other Baltic countries where a significant increase has been reported.
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and MetabolismIncrease in EDDM Incidence in Bulgarian Children (1974-1995)
4 Citations1998V. Tzaneva, Violeta Iotova +1 more
A linear trend of increase in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with time was found, applying Poisson regression analysis, and the age-adjusted incidence rose by 1.9% annually.
BMJIncidence of diabetes in children
4 Citations1995P A McKinney, Graham Law +2 more
The data suggest that the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children under 5 years in the British Isles remained stable over four years, and the use of “snapshot” years to address the question of potentially increasing incidence must have limited value.