Brain Catecholamines, Affective States and Memory
Advances in behavioral biologyPublished 1 January 1972
Seymour S. Kety
Citations69
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Those who have been concerned with designs for the human brain have come to realize that it is not enough to incorporate mechanisms for the reception and processing of sensory information, its storage and retrieval, and the programming and regulation of motor output.
Abstract
Those who have been concerned with designs for the human brain have come to realize that it is not enough to incorporate mechanisms for the reception and processing of sensory information, its storage and retrieval, and the programming and regulation of motor output. Adaptive behavior, by its very nature, requires a system for the evaluation and sorting of environmental inputs, and the development of the most appropriate and effective responses in terms of the survival of the individual or the species.
Keywords
PsychologyNeuroscience
The Journal of PhysiologyA theory of cerebellar cortex
3,331 Citations1969David Marr
A detailed theory of cerebellar cortex is proposed whose consequence is that the cerebellum learns to perform motor skills and two forms of input—output relation are described, both consistent with the cortical theory.
Cell and Tissue ResearchEvidence for the existence of monoamine neurons in the central nervous system
1,562 Citations1965Kjell Fuxé
Nature3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan as Reserpine Antagonists
1,264 Citations1957Arvid Carlsson, Margit Lindqvist +1 more
It remains to be proved to what extent the central action of reserpine may be attributed to changes in brain catechol amines and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine.
The Journal of PhysiologyThe concentration of sympathin in different parts of the central nervous system under normal conditions and after the administration of drugs
1,015 Citations1954Marthe Vogt
The presence of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the brain has been demonstrated by von Euler and Holtz and the question whether these sympathomimetic amines, besides their role as transmitters at vasomotor endings, play a part in the function of the central nervous tissue itself is concerned.
ScienceBiogenic Amines and Emotion
873 Citations1967Joseph J. Schildkraut, Seymour S. Kety
Although there does appear to be a fairly consistent relationship between the effects of pharmacological agents on norepinephrine metabolism and on affective state, a rigorous extrapolation from pharmacological studies to pathophysiology cannot be made, and confirmation of this hypothesis must ultimately depend upon direct demonstration of the biochemical abnormality in the naturally occurring illness.
Journal of Biological ChemistryCyclic Nucleotide-dependent Protein Kinases
550 Citations1969Eishichi Miyamoto, J.F. Kuo +1 more
An adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of histone by ATP, has been purified from bovine brain and some of its properties have been studied.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsEFFECTS OF STRESS ON THE METABOLISM OF NOREPINEPHRINE, DOPAMINE AND SEROTONIN IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE RAT. I. MODIFICATIONS OF NOREPINEPHRINE TURNOVER
411 Citations1968A.M. Thierry, F. Javoy +2 more
Changes in NE turnover regulation induced by electric foot shocks were studied in various conditions and there was an enhanced turnover of NE in the brainstem-mesencephalon when higher intensities of stimulation were used; this was associated with an increased accumulation of H 3 -normetanephrine.
Acta Physiologica ScandinavicaA Quantitative Study on the Nigro‐Neostriatal Dopamine Neuron System in the Rat
377 Citations1966Nils‐Erik Andén, Kjell Fuxé +2 more
In a combined biochemical and histochemical investigation the following quantitative data on a unilateral nigro-neostriatal dopamine neuron system in the rat have been obtained or calculated.
Brain ResearchStructural organization of nonspecific thalamic nuclei and their projection toward cortex
371 Citations1967Madge E. Scheibel, Arnold B. Scheibel
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsEFFECT OF DRUGS ON THE UPTAKE, RELEASE, AND METABOLISM OF H3-NOREPINEPHRINE IN THE RAT BRAIN
329 Citations1965Jacques Glowinski, Julius Axelrod
The different actions of amphetamine and reserpine on the metabolism of H3-norepinephrine indicate the presence of more than one storage form of the brain catecholamine.
Brain ResearchDistribution of noradrenaline nerve terminals in cortical areas of the rat
299 Citations1968Kjell Fuxé, Bertil Hamberger +1 more
It has been possible to establish that there exists a diffuse network of very fine, varicose noradrenaline nerve terminals in practically all parts of the cerebral cortex of the rat.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDopamine as a Synaptic Transmitter and Modulator in Sympathetic Ganglia: A Different Mode of Synaptic Action
239 Citations1970Benjamin Libet, Tsuneo Tosaka
An analysis of the role of adrenergic transmission in mediating the hyperpolarizing, slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential has revealed that dopamine is apparently the specific synaptic transmitter for this response, and an additional action of dopamine was discovered, namely the selective facilitation of another synaptic response, the slow excitatory post Synaptic potential.
Brain ResearchDifferential effects of D- and L-amphetamine on behavior and on catecholamine disposition in dopamine and norepinephrine containing neurons of rat brain
235 Citations1971Kenneth M. Taylor, Solomon H. Snyder
It is suggested that brain norepinephrine is selectively involved in mediating amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation while a dopaminergic component may participate in eliciting the compulsive gnawing syndrome.
ScienceCorticosterone Regulation of Tryptophan Hydroxylase in Midbrain of the Rat
201 Citations1969Efrain C. Azmitia, Bruce S. McEwen
The tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the rat midbrain decreases after adrenalectomy and is restored by treatment with cortic testosterone, an indication that the enzyme has a rapid turnover even in the absence of corticosterone.
ScienceCyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: Possible Mediator for Norepinephrine Effects on Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
193 Citations1969George R. Siggins, Barry J. Hoffer +1 more
Norepinephrine may be able to regulate Purkinje cells functionally by metabolic stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis.
Cell and Tissue ResearchNoradrenaline nerve terminals in the hippocampal region of the rat and the guinea pig
192 Citations1967Theodor Blackstad, Kjell Fuxé +1 more
There was a conspicuous lack of stratification and delineation of areas as compared with the pictures seen with most other methods, which have revealed precise architectonic patterns in the hippocampal region.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesReciprocal Hunger-Regulating Circuits Involving Alpha-and Beta-Adrenergic Receptors Located, Respectively, in the Ventromedial and Lateral Hypothalamus
188 Citations1970Sarah F. Leibowitz
The injection of adrenergic and adrenolytic drugs directly into the brain through permanently implanted cannulas has yielded results showing that food consumption in the rat is regulated by a hypothalamic alpha-adrenergic "hunger" system.
ScienceNorepinephrine Biosynthesis Inhibition: Effects on Memory in Mice
173 Citations1971Clark T. Randt, David Quartermain +2 more
Diethyldithiocarbamate, a dopamine beta hydroxylase inhibitor, decreases biosynthesis of norepinephrine in the brain and coincides with alterations in memory as demonstrated in single-trial passive avoidance in C57BL/6J mice.
Physiology & BehaviorPharmacological tests for the function of hypothalamic norepinephrine in eating behavior
171 Citations1969J.L. Slangen, Neal E. Miller
Results show strong support for the hypothesis that a specifically adrenergic hypothalamic system is involved in the eating behavior of the rat, and the reverse sequence of these drugs did not elicit eating.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesA sustained effect of electroconvulsive shock on the turnover of norepinephrine in the central nervous system of the rat.
164 Citations1967Seymour S. Kety, F. Javoy +3 more
Electroconvulsive therapy has proved to be the most eff ective form of treatment of depressive illness: extensive clinical experience and a number of controlled studies agree that approximately 80 per cent of depressed patients experience significant, sustained improvement or disappearance of symptoms in the course of a series of electroconvulsive shocks.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesArousal and the conversion of "short-term" to "long-term" memory.
155 Citations1968S H Barondes, Hezy Cohen
The doses of cycloheximide used inhibited approximately 95 per cent of cerebral protein synthesis during training but permitted very marked recovery within three hours after training, suggesting that learning and "shortterm" memory are inot dependent on cerebralprotein synthesis, but that it is necessary for the establishrnent of "long- term" memory.
PsychopharmacologyThe effects of noradrenaline on rat's behaviour
135 Citations1970Zbigniew S. Herman
The evidence that NA in some experimental conditions increases locomotor activity of rats supports the hypothesis that NA regulates processes in the central nervous system which stimulate behaviour.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesINCREASE IN RAT BRAIN TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY PRODUCED BY ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK
123 Citations1969José M. Musacchio, L Julou +2 more
A sustained increase in the turnover of norepinephrine coupled with an increased concentration of that amine has, in a previous study, been observed in the brains of rats exposed to electroconvulsive shock twice daily for one week.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesBehavioral Activation of Rats during Intraventricular Infusion of Norepinephrine
98 Citations1970David S. Segal, Arnold J. Mandell
The results indicate that central administration of norepinephrine may lead to behavioral activation in the rat, and infusions in a free-field situation and while performing a continuous avoidance task are indicated.
SciencePsychochemical Research Studies in Man
92 Citations1968Arnold J. Mandell, Charles E. Spooner
Psychochemical research theory and methodology, relating biochemical phenomena to human brain function, and its applications to science and medicine.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesSome Evidence for the Involvement of Adrenergic Sites in the Memory Trace
88 Citations1970Richard B. Roberts, Josefa B. Flexner +1 more
The results suggest that the blockage caused by puromycin is due to adsorption of peptidyl-puromycin to adrenergic sites and that these sites may be involved in the memory trace.
ScienceInstrumental Learning of Vasomotor Responses by Rats: Learning to Respond Differentially in the Two Ears
85 Citations1968Leo V. DiCara, Neal E. Miller
Curarized and artificially respirated rats were rewarded by electrical stimulation of the brain for changes in the balance of vasomotor activity between the two ears, indicating a greater specificity of action in the sympathetic nervous system than is usually attributed to it.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDRUGS AFFECTING RNA AND LEARNING
84 Citations1963T. J. Chamberlain, Gerson Rothschild +1 more
4Landau, L., Z. Neumann, J., Nachr.
ScienceBrain Catecholamines: Relation to the Defense Reaction Evoked by Amygdaloid Stimulation in Cat
80 Citations1965Donald J. Reis, Lars-Magnus Gunne
Electrical stimulation of the amygdala of cats, evoking a defense reaction, was associated with a reduction in the noradrenalin content of the brain and adrenal glands but not in the dopamine content ofThe brain.
Journal of NeurochemistryEFFECT OF NOREPINEPHRINE ON <sup>32</sup>P INCORPORATION INTO INDIVIDUAL PHOSPHATIDES IN SLICES FROM DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE GUINEA PIG BRAIN<sup>1</sup>
73 Citations1969Mabel R. Hokin
Norepinephrine (1 mm) significantly inhibited 32P incorporation into phosphatidylcholine in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and anterior colliculus; 32Porporation intoosphatidylethanolamine plus phosphatide metabolism in response to neurotransmitters in the central nervous system was inhibited by 1 mm‐norpinephrine.
Cellular and Molecular Life SciencesEffect of large mesencephalic-diencephalic lesions on the noradrenalin, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons of the central nervous system
72 Citations1966N.‐E. Andén, Kjell Fuxé +1 more
Dies deutet darauf hin, dass ein einzelnes NA Neuron Gebiete innervieren kann, die weit auseinander liegen, zum Beispiel auf der einen Seite im Cerebellum, auf the other im Prosencephalon.
Physiology & BehaviorAdrenocortical activity and avoidance learning as a function of time after avoidance training☆
68 Citations1967Stephen Z. Levine, F ROBERTBRUSH
These findings support the hypothesis that avoidance learning decrements at intermediate intersession intervals are directly related to the functioning of the neuroendocrine system.
PsychopharmacologyCentral catecholamine neurons and conditioned avoidance behaviour
65 Citations1967Kjell Fuxé, Lennart C. F. Hanson
The results suggest that the noradrenaline nerve terminals to the prosencephalon play an important role as an arousal system essential for the performance of behavioural activity.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesBRAIN NOREPINEPHRINE: EVIDENCE THAT NEURONAL RELEASE IS ESSENTIAL FOR SHAM RAGE BEHAVIOR FOLLOWING BRAINSTEM TRANSECTION IN CAT
54 Citations1969Donald J. Reis, Kjell Fuxé
There is a direct relationship between the magnitude of sham rage produced by brainstem transection in cat and the decrease of brainstem norepinephrine.
ScienceNerve Endings: Rapid Appearance of Labeled Protein Shown by Electron Microscope Radioautography
44 Citations1969Bernard Droz, Samuel H. Barondes
Electron microscope radioautographs of nerve ending fractions from mouse cerebrum show that radioactive protein is associated with nerve endings 15 and 90 minutes after intracerebral injection of tritiated leucine and lysine.
BrainAN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF C<sup>14</sup>-NOREPINEPHRINE IN THE BRAIN OF THE RAT
34 Citations1967Martin Reivich, Jacques Glowinski
Journal of Histochemistry & CytochemistryHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF NORADRENALINE IN THE ADRENAL MEDULLA OF THE HAMSTER
26 Citations1956Olavi Eränkö
Formalin-induced fluorescence and a positive iodate reaction are both present exclusively in the peripheral adrenomedullary cells of the hamster, which contain principally noradrenaline.
Advances in behavioral biologyNoradrenergic Reward Mechanisms, Recovery of Function, and Schizophrenia
22 Citations1972Larry Stein, C. David Wise +1 more
Biochemical PharmacologyThe effect of noradrenaline on the incorporation of 32P into brain phospholipids
17 Citations1970J M Sneddon, P. Keen
Rat brain homogenates incubated with noradrenaline for 5 min showed reduced incorporation of 32P into phospholipids, suggesting a possible transmitter role for nor adrenaline in the brain.
Journal of Psychiatric ResearchThe effect of central nervous system lesions on brain monoamines and behavior
12 Citations1967Michael Sheard, James B. Appel +1 more
There was a significant correlation between prolongation of the escape latency and low 5-HT and NE in telencephalon with a significant difference from control rats, (P <0·001, differences in 5- HT and NE)
Advances in behavioral biologyCatecholamines and Affective Illness: Studies with L-DOPA and Alpha-Methyl-Para-Tyrosine
12 Citations1971Elliot S. Gershon, William E. Bunney +4 more
Previous data is reviewed and new data on the clinical effects of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and alpha-methyl-para- tyrosine in the affective disorders and on the biochemical pharmacology of these agents in man and in the laboratory animal are presented.
PsychopharmacologyThe effect of neurohumoral drugs on the fixation of spinal reflexes and the incorporation of uridine into the spinal cord
9 Citations1970Gene C. Palmer, G. R. Davenport +1 more
The results suggest that synaptic transmission is necessary for the processes that mediate fixation of the persisting postural asymmetry and that neurohumoral drugs affecting cholinergic transmission, adrenergic transmission and gamma amino butyric acid metabolism may alter precursor pools for neural RNA synthesis.