Effective tourist volume forecasting supported by PCA and improved BPNN using Baidu index

The results indicate the proposed PCA-ADE-BPNN always outperforms other models in terms of forecasting accuracies, and is a potential candidate for the effective forecasting of tourist volume.

Abstract

The precise forecasting of tourist volume is a very challenging task. This paper aims to propose an effective model named PCA-ADE-BPNN for forecasting tourist volume based on Baidu index. The principal component analysis (PCA), a dimensional reduction, is employed to decorrelate the input data before training a back propagation neural network (BPNN) architecture, and the adaptive differential evolution algorithm (ADE) is for getting global optimization of BP network's weight values and threshold values to enhance the forecasting performance of BPNN. The PCA-ADE-BPNN model is a new combination of a dimensional reduction algorithm, an optimization algorithm, and a neural network. The validity of this model is demonstrated by conducting case studies of Beijing City and Hainan Province, China. The results indicate the proposed PCA-ADE-BPNN always outperforms other models in terms of forecasting accuracies. Therefore, the proposed PCA-ADE-BPNN is a potential candidate for the effective forecasting of tourist volume.