Nutrition and cholesterol gallstones
Proceedings of The Nutrition SocietyPublished 1 February 1985Open access
T. S. Beer-Low
Citations22
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.94
SNIP1.80
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Medicine
Journal of Chronic DiseasesThe epidemiology of gallbladder disease: Observations in the Framingham study
525 Citations1966Gary Friedman, William B. Kannel +1 more
It would appear that more attention should be devoted to the anatomy and pathological physiology of the biliary tract in seeking a better understanding of the pathogenesis of gallbladder disease.
New England Journal of MedicineGallbladder Disease in Pima Indians
390 Citations1970Richard E. Sampliner, Peter H. Bennett +3 more
Pima females 15 to 20 years of age were shown to be at high risk of early development of gallbladder disease and to offer unusual opportunities for further epidemiologic and clinical studies.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationEffects of obesity and caloric intake on biliary lipid metabolism in man.
385 Citations1975Lynn J. Bennion, Scott M. Grundy
It is concluded that obesity is characterized by excessive hepatic secretion of cholesterol which results in supersaturated bile, which could not be fully explained by the amount of calories they ingested to maintain stable weight.
GutBiliary lipid output during three meals and an overnight fast. I. Relationship to bile acid pool size and cholesterol saturation of bile in gallstone and control subjects.
249 Citations1975T.C. Northfield, Alan F. Hofmann
The findings indicate that hepatic secretion of bile supersaturated with cholesterol is physiological in man at low bile acid outputs, that bile Acid pool size is probably determined in part by its recycling frequency, and that cholesterol cholelithiasis in some Caucasians may be due to an underlying extrahepatic abnormality.
New England Journal of MedicineCholesterol Crystals and the Formation of Cholesterol Gallstones
244 Citations1980Abbas Sedaghat, Scott M. Grundy
Gallbladder bile was obtained by means of duodenal intubation in 54 patients and from 17 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis and cholesterol crystallization is probably a prerequisite for the formation of cholesterol gallstones; however, many subjects have no crystallization despite marked supersaturation.
New England Journal of MedicineIncreased Prevalence of Cholelithiasis in Men Ingesting a Serum-Cholesterol-Lowering Diet
240 Citations1973Richard A.L. Sturdevant, Morton Lee Pearce +1 more
Autopsied men who ate more than 33% of the experimental meals served from entry into the trial to death were more likely to have gallstones than control subjects, and the proportion of men in the experimental diet group with gallstones at autopsy was directly correlated with number of trial meals eaten.
BMJDiet, alcohol, and relative weight in gall stone disease: a case-control study.
219 Citations1984Robert Scragg, Anthony J. McMichael +1 more
In both sexes increasing intake of alcohol was associated with a decreased risk of developing gall stones; increased intake of simple sugars in drinks and sweets was associatedwith an increased risk; and increased intakes of energy or fat was associated of increased risk in young subjects.
The LancetMODERATE ALCOHOL INTAKE REDUCES BILE CHOLESTEROL SATURATION AND RAISES HDL CHOLESTEROL
186 Citations1983Joseph Thornton
Measurement of alcohol on plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and on bile cholesterol saturation was measured in 12 healthy volunteers and there was a significant inverse correlation between bile saturation index and HDL cholesterol.
New England Journal of MedicineAssociation of a History of Gallbladder Disease with a Reduced Concentration of High-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol
176 Citations1981Diana B. Petitti, Gary Friedman +1 more
Using data from examinations of 868 female twins, the association of a history of gallbladder disease with a low concentration of HDL cholesterol with the risk of myocardial infarction was studied.
New England Journal of MedicineDiurnal Variation in Biliary Lipid Composition
142 Citations1973Allan L. Metzger, Ronald D. Adler +2 more
Although lithogenicity was greater in Indians, even Caucasian women regularly produce more highly lithogenic bile during the fasting period, apparently because of an uncoupling of cholesterol and bile acid secretion.
BMJAlteration of Bile Salt Metabolism by Dietary Fibre (Bran)
133 Citations1973E W Pomare, K W Heaton
Feeding dietary fibre in the form of bran induced changes in bile salt metabolism in five people with intact gall bladders imply that bran reduced the degradation of bile salts by colonic bacteria.
BMJA relation between high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and bile cholesterol saturation.
132 Citations1981J R Thornton, K W Heaton +1 more
Bile cholesterol saturation index was negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol, but it was positively correlated with plasma triglycerides and with total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol.
Digestive Diseases and SciencesThe effect of wheat bran upon bile salt metabolism and upon the lipid composition of bile in gallstone patients
131 Citations1976E W Pomare, Kenneth W. Heaton +2 more
Bran probably operates primarily on the colon, reducing the formation or absorption of the bacterial metabolite DC, a substance which impairs CDC synthesis, and the size of the bile salt pool did not change.
PubMedThe effect of dietary cholesterol on the composition of human bile.
127 Citations1973Lawrence DenBesten, W E Connor +1 more
The data suggest that high dietary cholesterol intake leads to formation of abnormal bile in which the cholesterol concentration exceeds the capacity of bile acids and phospholipids to hold it in micellar solution.
Europe PMC (PubMed Central)Bile Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease
123 Citations1978DavidM. Taylor
PubMedThe mechanism of increased gallstone formation in obese human subjects.
112 Citations1976Thomas M. Mabee, Philipp Meyer +2 more
It is concluded that the clinically observed high correlation of cholelithiasis with obesity is due to increased hepatic secretion of cholesterol which precipitates as cholesterol gallstones.
GastroenterologyPretreatment Biliary Lipid Composition in White Patients with Radiol0ucent Gallstones in the National Cooperative Gallstone Study
111 Citations1982Alan F. Hofmann, Scott M. Grundy +13 more
Data for biliary lipid composition in individuals with biliary disease showed considerable overlap with the National Cooperative Gallstone Study data reported here, suggesting that cholesterol gallstone disease is not caused solely by increased biliary cholesterol saturation.
BMJNutrient intake, adiposity, and diabetes.
109 Citations1979H. Keen, B Thomas +2 more
It is suggested that greater degrees of adiposity are associated with lower than average food energy intakes and hence lower total energy expenditures, and it may be the mechanisms of this, as well as the obesity, that are responsible for disease.
Scandinavian Journal of GastroenterologyFrequency of Cholelithiasis in Prague and Malmö An Autopsy Study
103 Citations1974Z Záhor, Nils H. Sternby +4 more
BMJSerum Lipids in Cholelithiasis: Effect of Chenodeoxycholic Acid Therapy
91 Citations1973G. D. Bell, B. Lewis +2 more
Treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid did not change serum cholesterol levels but did significantly reduce serum triglyceride concentrations from a pretreatment level of 118 to 95 after six months of therapy, which may have therapeutic value in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia.
Journal of Lipid ResearchEffects of fasting on bile acid metabolism and biliary lipid composition in man
82 Citations1976W C Duane, Ronald L. Ginsberg +1 more
Fasting had no consistent effect on total bile acid pool size, cholic acid Pool size, or bile Acid species composition.
GutDiet and gall stones: effects of refined and unrefined carbohydrate diets on bile cholesterol saturation and bile acid metabolism.
80 Citations1983J R Thornton, Pauline Emmett +1 more
The lipid composition of duodenal bile and bile acid kinetics was determined and it was suggested that consumption of refined carbohydrate foods increases bile cholesterol saturation and hence the risk of cholesterol gall stone formation.
Zeitschrift für ErnährungswissenschaftStudies on human bile
73 Citations1971Henrik Dam, I. Prange +3 more
The results did not provide evidence for a lessening of the solubility of cholesterol in the bile in spite of the fact that serum cholesterol increased.
GastroenterologyKinetics of the enterohepatic circulation during fasting: Biliary lipid secretion and gallbladder storage
69 Citations1980Henry Mok, Klaus von Bergmann +1 more
Techniques of estimating storage capacity of the gallbladder and hepatic outputs of biliary lipids during fasting are developed and validated and it is shown that hourly outputs of bilirubin were constant throughout the day, so that in addition to monitoring gallbladders function, this marker may be used to calculate nocturnal outputs ofBile lipids.
The LancetCOLONIC BACTERIAL ACTIVITY, BILIARY CHOLESTEROL SATURATION, AND PATHOGENESIS OF GALLSTONES
65 Citations1978ThomasS Low-Beer, Sheila Nutter
Results suggest that colonic function is important in regulating bile composition and dietary measures which reduce the return of newly formed deoxycholate from the colon to the bile reduce cholesterol saturation and so are likely to reduce the risk of gallstones.
Digestive Diseases and SciencesDiet and cholesterol gallstones
63 Citations1969H Sarles, Christiane Chabert +4 more
The patients with gallstones had a statistically significant (p=0.0005) increased intake of calories, irrespective of dietary composition, and psychologic stresses were more frequent in patients withgallstones.
BMJCan colonic bacterial metabolites predispose to cholesterol gall stones?
60 Citations1975T S Low-Beer, E W Pomare
It is suggested that populations in whom there is a high colonic absorption of bacterially metabolized cholate--that is, DC--have an increased predisposition to cholesterol gall stones.
The American Journal of SurgeryPresent features of gallstones in Japan
58 Citations1978Masao Nagase, Hiroshi Tanimura +2 more
A collective review of 2,144 patients operated on for cholelithiasis during the last twenty-two months has shown that younger Japanese adults have predominantly cholesterol stones in their gallbladders and that elderly persons still frequently have bilirubin stones not only in theirGallbladders but also in their common bile ducts.
BMJDo colonic bacteria contribute to cholesterol gall-stone formation? Effects of lactulose on bile.
56 Citations1981J R Thornton, K W Heaton
Bile was initially super-saturated with cholesterol in most subjects and became less saturated witholesterol in all but one and support the theory colonic bacteria contribute to cholesterol gall-stone formation.
Digestive Diseases and SciencesPrevalence of gallbladder disease in hyperlipoproteinemia
53 Citations1979J Ahlberg, Bo Angelin +3 more
It is suggested that certain forms of disturbances of lipoprotein metabolism are associated with an increased risk for development of gallbladder disease.
PubMedEffect of wheat bran on serum lipoproteins and biliary lipids.
53 Citations1978R M McDougall, Luella Y. Yakymyshyn +2 more
The high bran diet produced a substantial decrease in biliary cholesterol values in patients with gallstones after 4 weeks, and a significant increase in the concentration of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the serum of patients who course was followed for 6 months or longer.
Scandinavian Journal of GastroenterologyThe Influence of Calorie Intake and of Dietary Protein on the Bile Lipids
50 Citations1971H Sarles, C. Crotte +4 more
In 4 patients, operated on for cholesterol gallstones and having a T-tube in the main bile duct, five 7ml of bile samples were taken off each day during periods of 3 to 7 days, with either high-calorie, high-protein diets or low-Calorie, low- protein diets.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionA dietary survey to determine the relationship between diet and cholelithiasis
49 Citations1979DA Smith, M. V. Gee
The results of this study suggest a possible relationship between cholelithiasis and a low intake of energy, protein, fat or crude fiber, but more than one of these nutrients could be involved.
The American Journal of SurgeryThe effect of added bran to the diet on the saturation of bile in people without gallstones
48 Citations1978J. McK. Watts, Paula Jablonski +1 more
Bran may be effective in decreasing the lithogenic potential of bile in people without gallstones, and further studies on its place in the prevention of gallstones in susceptible individuals are indicated.
Clinical ScienceThe Selective Inhibition of Chenodeoxycholate Synthesis by Cholate Metabolites in Man
45 Citations1975E W Pomare, T S Low-Beer
It is suggested that inhibition of chenodeoxycholate synthesis by de oxygencholate, the principal bacterial product of cholate, regulates the size of the chenodes Oxycholate pool independently of the total amount of bile salt.
GutEffects of fasting on the composition of gallbladder bile.
44 Citations1980H M Bloch, J R Thornton +1 more
It is suggested that fasting has a series of effects on gallbladder bile and that bile sampling should be carried out at at standardised period of time after the last meal.
Digestive Diseases and SciencesIncreased lithogenicity of bile on fasting in normal subjects
42 Citations1977C. N. Williams, John WI Morse +3 more
The duration of fasting is important in interpreting the presence of lithogenic bile; although more pronounced in women, both sexes showed increased cholesterol saturation in bile with fasting.
GastroenterologyEffect of the selective expansion of cholic acid pool on bile lipid composition: Possible mechanism of bile acid induced biliary cholesterol desaturation
39 Citations1981Nicola Carulli, Maurizio Ponz de Leòn +4 more
It is concluded that a determinant of bile cholesterol saturation might be the detergent power of the bile acid pool.
GutEffects of dietary sucrose on factors influencing cholesterol gall stone formation.
34 Citations1984Dagmar I. Werner, Pauline Emmett +1 more
Findings indicate that over a six week period refined sugar in normally consumed amounts does not adversely affect the lipid composition of bile.
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory InvestigationAn analysis of data on human hepatic bile. Relationship between main bile components, serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides
34 Citations1977W. van der Linden, F. Bergman
The conclusion is that just as in the animal model, a rise of Chol in human hepatic bile is accompanied by a decrease of the BA/Lip P ratio, and the bile/serum Chol ratio rose with increasing DCA values combined with increasing absolute differences between the other acids.
Scandinavian Journal of GastroenterologyPrevalence of Hyperlipoproteinemia in Men with Gallstone Disease
31 Citations1977Raynald Kadziolka, Stefan Nilsson +1 more
Prebetahyperlipoproteinemia (type IV) was the most common lipoprotein disorder in gallstone patients as well as in control patients.
BMJMeal frequency and duration of overnight fast: a role in gall-stone formation?
25 Citations1981Jean‐Pierre Capron, J Delamarre +4 more
This hypothesis that meal frequency-that is, the duration of fasting throughout the day-might have an effect on gall-stone formation was tested by comparing, in a prospective case-controlled study, theduration of overnight fasting in patients with gall stones and controls.
Scandinavian Journal of GastroenterologyBiliary Lipid Composition in Obesity
21 Citations1981Bo Angelin, Kurt Einarsson +2 more
Fasting gallbladder bile was obtained under standardized conditions from 15 gallstone-free obese subjects and healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and serum lipid levels to provide an explanation of the enhanced frequency of cholesterol gallstones in obese subjects.
MetabolismInfluence of fat-rich versus carbohydrate-rich diets on bile acid kinetics, biliary lipids, and net steroid balance in hyperlipidemic subjects
17 Citations1980Eva Karlsson, Kjell Hellström
In all but four patients, the switch from the fat-rich to the carbohydrate-rich diet resulted in elevation of the plasma triglyceride levels and a decreased molar cholesterol concentration in duodenal bile obtained in the postabsorptive state.
Diet and Gallstones
8 Citations1979K W Heaton
This paper is concerned only with cholesterol-rich gallstones and will deal mainly with the role of diet in their aetiology and prevention.