Temporal effects of reinforcement: A negative “frustration” effect
Learning and MotivationPublished 1 August 1970
J. E. R. Staddon
Citations51
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.46
SNIP0.95
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Abstract
Reinforcement omission in situations that show positive goal-gradients elevates subsequent responding (positive “frustration” effect). In this experiment, in a situation showing a negative goal-gradient, reinforcement omission depressed subsequent responding (negative “frustration” effect). A simple hypothesis in terms of discriminative after-effects of reinforcement accounts for both effects. The same interpretation is adequate to describe frustration effects in runways and avoids problems faced by frustration theory. Some further tests of the hypothesis are proposed.
Keywords
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