Optimal capital structure and project financing

Abstract

We examine the financing and incorporation modes for new projects. There are two objectives. The first is to provide a theory of optimal capital structure that links risk, leverage, and value and is particularly applicable to large firms. Counter to conventional wisdom, we show riskier firms acquire more debt, pay higher interest rates, and have higher values in equilibrium. Second, we provide an economic rationale for project financing which entails organizing a new project legally distinct from the firm's other assets. We explain why project financing involves higher leverage than conventional financing and why highly risky assets are project-financed.