General practitioners and incentives.

The judge decided on the balance of probabilities that paternal preconceptional irradiation did not cause the two cases brought to the court, and the Gardner and infectious agent hypotheses need further work.

Abstract

occurred over a long period and are a disparate group of different diagnoses.The Sellafield plant has probably been at least partly responsible, either directly, such as through preconceptional exposures, or indirectly if population mixing is a cause.The judge decided on the balance of probabilities that paternal preconceptional irradiation did not cause the two cases brought to the court.In the scientific community, preconceptional exposures are still being investigated and the jury is still out.The Gardner and infectious agent hypotheses need further work, but other factors may also be operating.Martin Gardner provoked researchers into a new field of investigation.Such challenges to the scientific community are few and far between, and more are needed if the causes of leukaemia and lymphoma are to be identified.