Memory Factors in Consumer Choice: A Review
Journal of MarketingPublished 1 March 1979
James R. Bettman
Citations380
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score13.39
SNIP5.22
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
Abstract
This paper reviews research and theory on human memory, emphasizing key findings and concepts of importance to marketing and consumer choice. Several implications for promotional decisions are discussed. It is hoped that this review will stimulate further research on, and applications of, memory principles in marketing.
Keywords
PsychologyNeuroscienceBusiness, Management and Accounting
Psychological ReviewThe magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.
17,493 Citations1956George Miller
The theory provides us with a yardstick for calibrating the authors' stimulus materials and for measuring the performance of their subjects, and the concepts and measures provided by the theory provide a quantitative way of getting at some of these questions.
Psychological ReviewThe magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.
17,276 Citations1994George Miller
About some experiments that tested how accurately people can assign numbers to the magnitudes of various aspects of a stimulus, and since the results are analyzed in terms of the concepts of information theory, I shall have to preface my discussion with a few remarks about this theory.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorLevels of processing: A framework for memory research
9,538 Citations1972Fergus I. M. Craik, Robert S. Lockhart
An alternative framework for human memory research is outlined in terms of depth or levels of processing and some current data and arguments are reexamined in the light of this alternative framework.
Psychological ReviewA spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.
8,093 Citations1975Allan M. Collins, Elizabeth F. Loftus
The present paper shows how the extended theory can account for results of several production experiments by Loftus, Juola and Atkinson's multiple-category experiment, Conrad's sentence-verification experiments, and several categorization experiments on the effect of semantic relatedness and typicality by Holyoak and Glass, Rips, Shoben, and Smith, and Rosch.
The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivationHuman Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes
7,003 Citations1968R. C. Atkinson, Richard M. Shiffrin
This chapter presents a general theoretical framework of human memory and describes the results of a number of experiments designed to test specific models that can be derived from the overall theory.
Journal of Experimental Psychology GeneralDepth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory.
3,882 Citations1975Fergus I. M. Craik, Endel Tulving
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologySelf-schemata and processing information about the self.
3,765 Citations1977Hazel Rose Markus
Semantic Information Processing
2,175 Citations1968Marvin Minsky
This book solves different problems like resolving ambiguities in word meanings, finding analogies between things, making logical and nonlogical inference, resolving inconsistency in information engaging in coherent discourse with a person and more.
Journal of Consumer ResearchSituational Variables and Consumer Behavior
1,607 Citations1975Russell W. Belk
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorRecognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures
1,548 Citations1967Roger N. Shepard
Public Opinion QuarterlyThe Impact of Television Advertising: Learning Without Involvement
1,531 Citations1965Herbert E. Krugman
The American Journal of PsychologyPrinciples of Learning and Memory
1,337 Citations1977Bennet B. Murdock, Robert G. Crowder
ScienceHow Big Is a Chunk?
930 Citations1974Herbert A. Simon
It is shown that, by viewing experimentation in a parameter-estimating paradigm instead of a hypothesis-testing paradigm, one can obtain much more information from experiments—information that, combined with contemporary theoretical models of the cognitive processes, has implications for human performance on tasks quite different from those of the original experiments.
Memory & CognitionPerceptual comparisons through the mind’s eye
541 Citations1975Allan Paivio
Four experiments tested a theory of memory and cognition which assumes that verbal and nonverbal information are processed in functionally distinct LTM systems, and results cannot be easily explained by current verbal coding or abstract theories of LTM representations.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorHierarchical retrieval schemes in recall of categorized word lists
497 Citations1969Gordon H. Bower, Michal C. Clark +2 more
Journal of Marketing ResearchAge Differences in Information Processing: A Perspective on the Aged Consumer
315 Citations1977Lynn W. Phillips, Brian Sternthal
NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)Search and retrieval processes in long-term memory
290 Citations1968Richard M. Shiffrin, R. C. Atkinson
A theory of human memory is described in which a distinction is made between three memory stores: the sensory register, the short-term store, and the long- term store, a store which is considered to be a permanent repository for information.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorRecall and recognition as a function of primary rehearsal
275 Citations1973Addison E. Woodward, Robert A. Bjork +1 more
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorRepetition and depth of processing
234 Citations1977Thomas O. Nelson
Human memory the processing of information
187 Citations1976Geoffrey R. Loftus, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & MemoryMemory for descriptive and spatial information in complex pictures.
180 Citations1976Jean M. Mandler, Richard Parker
It was concluded that real-world schemata do not affect encoding of some types of descriptive information, but play an important role in both encoding and memory for spatial information.
Cognitive PsychologyEncoding processes in recognition and recall
167 Citations1973Barbara Tversky
The present experiments demonstrate that picture-word stimuli are differentially encoded in anticipation of a recognition test than in expectation of a free-recall test.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorContext effects in recognition memory
142 Citations1972Donald M. Thomson
The role of context in recognition memory was examined in seven experiments and recognition was impaired both when the context word added or deleted was associatively related and when it was Associatively unrelated.
Public Opinion QuarterlyAnalyzing Media Effects on Advertising Responses
140 Citations1974Peter L. Wright
Issues in studying media effects are discussed and a procedural development for measuring and analyzing communication response is demonstrated that will demonstrate the role of media variables in media effects.
Memory & CognitionIndividual differences and interrelationships among a select set of cognitive skills
133 Citations1976Alice Chiang, Richard C. Atkinson
The results are suggestive of sex differences in the interrelationships of the cognitive processes under investigation, indicating that elemental component processes for different tasks can be identified that are similar or highly related.
Journal of Consumer ResearchIssues in Designing Consumer Information Environments
123 Citations1975James R. Bettman
Journal of Experimental PsychologyRecall and recognition in intentional and incidental learning.
114 Citations1964Morris N. Eagle, Eli Leiter
The results support the view that intention to learn is crucial for learning only to the extent that it generates adequate learning operations and different learning responses require somewhat different operations.
Journal of Experimental PsychologyPauses as recoding points in letter series.
110 Citations1970Gordon H. Bower, Fred Springston
Memory and The Assessment of Behavior
105 Citations2017Roy G. D’Andrade
British Journal of PsychologyEFFECTS OF A SUBSIDIARY TASK ON PERFORMANCE INVOLVING IMMEDIATE MEMORY BY YOUNGER AND OLDER MEN
90 Citations1962D. Ε. Broadbent, Alastair Heron
It was found that the tasks involving memory are very vulnerable to distraction; when a distracting task is presented together with a main task involving memory, older subjects do very badly at one or the other, whereas young subjects do reasonably at both.
Journal of Consumer ResearchChildren's Reactions to Television Advertising: An Experimental Approach
87 Citations1974Marvin E. Goldberg, Gerald J. Gorn
Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyAge Differences in Recognition Memory
59 Citations1971Fergus I. M. Craik
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorLearning is organized by chunking
40 Citations1976Herman Buschke
Memory & CognitionMemory performance and subject-defined depth of processing
38 Citations1978John G. Seamon, Susan Virostek
Memory & CognitionThe relationship between repetition and depth of processing
34 Citations1976Robert J. Chabot, Timothy J. Miller +1 more
Repetitions produced an equivalent increase in final recall probability for items involved in all decision types, indicating that distributed repetitions can lead to the formation of stronger memory traces at several levels of processing.
Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal BehaviorMemory judgments and the effects of spacing
30 Citations1970Douglas L. Hintzman, Richard A. Block
Memory & CognitionReprocessing as a recognition cue
15 Citations1976J. Edward Russo, Robert A. Wisher
Two experiments support the hypothesis that processing details are retained in memory and that a re-creation of those processing details can effectively cue recognition and suggest that reprocessing uses this trace to facilitate performance.
Personality and Social Psychology BulletinInfluence of a Salient Schema on Thought-induced Cognitive Change
13 Citations1978E. Gil Clary, Abraham Tesser +1 more
Organizational Behavior and Human PerformanceSearch limits as a function of tree size and storage requirements
3 Citations1971Richard W. Olshavsky