Physical activity and cardiovascular health∗

It is believed that the evidence that increased physical activity might be beneficial is sufficient to justify further extensive studies and the proof of the preventive therapeutic value of activity programs must come from observations of significant numbers of the population at risk.

Abstract

1.1. A review of investigations on the relation of physical activity to cardiovascular health and disease has been undertaken, with a brief discussion of some mechanisms that might play a part. 2.2. There is a suggestion that recent activity is more important than activity earlier in life; even a light or moderate amount of physical activity may have significance. Encouraging as this is, most studies are of occupational activity and might not have direct applicability to physical activity undertaken as preventive therapy. 3.3. We believe that the evidence that increased physical activity might be beneficial is sufficient to justify further extensive studies. More information is needed concerning the mechanisms of the possible benefits. 4.4. The proof of the preventive therapeutic value of activity programs must come from observations of significant numbers of the population at risk. We favor an experimental design with active intervention and randomization of subjects. There is much virtue in a study of men with high indexes of risk relative to coronary heart disease. 5.5. There is a pressing need to enlist and train more personnel to undertake the numerous pilot studies that are needed and the larger, more definitive studies that should follow. 6.6. Increased communication and joint planning among physicians, physical educators, physiologists and biometricians are needed.