Normal Sleep and Circadian Processes
Critical Care ClinicsPublished 26 June 2008
Nancy A. Collop, Rachel E. Salas, Michael Delayo, Charlene E. Gamaldo
Citations49
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.15
SNIP1.31
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The aspects of normal sleep, physiologic changes that occur in the human body with sleep, and how sleep changes over the lifespan are reviewed.
Abstract
The onset of sleep is associated with a variety of changes in both behavioral and physiologic states. Sleep is not a uniform state either: it has different stages that affect different areas of the brain and body. Nonrapid eye movement sleep stages are as different from rapid eye movement sleep as is wakefulness. Circadian rhythms of physiologic systems also impact wake, sleep, sleepiness, and alertness. There are characteristic changes in both sleep patterns and circadian rhythm that occur with aging. The cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and gastrointestinal systems also undergo changes with sleep onset. This article reviews the aspects of normal sleep, physiologic changes that occur in the human body with sleep, and how sleep changes over the lifespan.
Keywords
PsychologyNeuroscience
Elsevier eBooksPrinciples and Practice of Sleep Medicine
5,133 Citations2011Meir H. Kryger, Thomas Roth +1 more
The LancetImpact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function
3,657 Citations1999Karine Spiegel, Rachel Leproult +1 more
Sleep debt has a harmful impact on carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine function similar to those seen in normal ageing and, therefore, sleep debt may increase the severity of age-related chronic disorders.
Seminars in NeurologyNeurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation
2,121 Citations2009Namni Goel, Hengyi Rao +2 more
Cognitive deficits believed to be a function of the severity of clinical sleep disturbance may be a product of genetic alleles associated with differential cognitive vulnerability to sleep loss.
Seminars in NeurologyNeurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation
1,418 Citations2005Jeffrey S. Durmer, David F. Dinges
Performance deficits associated with sleep disorders are often viewed as a simple function of disease severity; however, recent experiments suggest that individual vulnerability to sleep loss may play a more critical role than previously thought.
Elsevier eBooksNormal Human Sleep: An Overview
974 Citations2005Mary A. Carskadon, William C. Dement
In this chapter, the normal young adult sleep pattern is described as a working baseline pattern and several major sleep disorders are highlighted by their differences from the normative pattern.
SLEEP24-Hour Metabolic Rate in Insomniacs and Matched Normal Sleepers
549 Citations1995Michael H. Bonnet, Donna L. Arand
It was concluded that patients who report chronic insomnia may suffer from a more general disorder of hyperarousal that may be responsible for both the daytime symptoms and the nocturnal poor sleep.
Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologySleepiness on the job: continuously measured EEG changes in train drivers
464 Citations1987Lars Torsvall, Torbjörn åAkerstedt
It was concluded that EEG and EOG parameters closely reflect variations in sleepiness on the job and that these parameters, together with self-ratings, demonstrate that severe sleepiness may occur in train drivers during night work.
PubMedEffect of sleep on swallowing, esophageal peristalsis, and acid clearance.
175 Citations1984Orr Wc, Johnson Lf +1 more
Social Science & MedicinePrevalence of self-reported poor sleep in a healthy population aged 50–65
162 Citations1992Donald L. Bliwise, Abby C. King +2 more
The prevalence of disturbed sleep in a population, ages 50-65, carefully screened for physical health as part of an ongoing study of exercise and cardiovascular function was consistently lower, implying that when overall physical health factors are taken into account a decline in sleep quality is not necessarily an inevitable component of aging per se.
Neurobiology of AgingAge-related attenuation of the evening circadian arousal signal in humans
157 Citations2005Mirjam Münch, Vera Knoblauch +6 more
The data indicate that age-related changes in sleep propensity are clearly related to a reduced circadian signal opposing the homeostatic drive for sleep.
SLEEPThe Consequences of a Week of Insomnia
139 Citations1996Michael H. Bonnet, Donna L. Arand
It was found that insomniacs display increased tension/confusion, decreased vigor, personality disturbance, subjective over-estimation of poor sleep, increased body temperature, increased 24-hour whole body metabolic rate, and increased multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) values.
SLEEPMultiple Sleep Latency Tests During the Constant Routine
102 Citations1992Mary A. Carskadon, William C. Dement
The results indicate a midday increase in sleep tendency that is unrelated to food intake but that may be related to developmental or maturational processes.
Hormone ResearchEffects of Ageing on Modulation of Hormonal Secretions by Sleep and Circadian Rhythmicity
98 Citations1995Georges Copinschi, Eve Van Cauter
Overt rhythms which have been shown to be of lower amplitude and/or phase-advanced are those of body temperature and of the peripheral levels of hormones such as cortisol, melatonin, TSH, testosterone, prolactin and GH.
Journal of Applied PhysiologyControl of breathing during sleep assessed by proportional assist ventilation
70 Citations1998Sonia Meza, Eleni Giannouli +1 more
It is concluded that respiratory drive during sleep is dominated by chemical control and that there is no fundamental difference between REM and non-REM sleep in this regard.
Journal of Applied PhysiologyEffects of sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on ventilation
59 Citations1990K. G. Henke, Jerome A. Dempsey +2 more
To determine the effects of the sleep-induced increases in upper airway resistance on ventilatory output, five subjects who were habitual snorers but otherwise normal while awake (AW) and during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep under the following conditions were studied: stage 2, low-resistance sleep (LRS).
Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyHabitual sleep durations and health in a 50?65 year old population
58 Citations1994Donald L. Bliwise
Results from 1877 independently living individuals between the ages of 50 and 65 years suggested that long, but not short, sleep durations were related to greater reported snoring and lower psychosocial function, and future epidemiologic studies use such additional items as potential indicators of sleep-related disease.
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory PhysiologyDifferential effects of sleep stage on coronary hemodynamic function
57 Citations1989D. A. Kirby, Richard L. Verrier
Results indicated that during slow-wave sleep there were moderate but significant reductions in heart rate, 9% decreases in left coronary blood flow, and increases in coronary vascular resistance, indicating that the sleep-wake cycle results in distinctive patterns of autonomic nervous system activity.
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care MedicinePhysiology of Breathing and Respiratory Control during Sleep
54 Citations2005William R. Krimsky, James C. Leiter
In general, chemical control of respiratory function, related to both hypercapnia and hypoxia, appears to be blunted during sleep, and arousal responses represent a central element in the control system that preserves cardiorespiratory function by terminating the sleep state and restoring more effective control mechanisms.
SLEEPRelationship Between Coronary Hemodynamic Changes and the Phasic Events of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
52 Citations1993Linda W. Dickerson, Alice H. Huang +3 more
The data indicate that the sinus tachycardia-associated surges in coronary flow represent integrated autonomic responses intrinsic to phasic periods of REM sleep in dogs.
Age and AgeingSubjective Characteristics of Sleep in the Elderly
49 Citations1978Perry Gerard, Kevin Collins +2 more
Nursing ResearchSleep Behaviors of Older Persons
43 Citations1983Jean Hayter
It was concluded that changes in sleep behavior are to be expected as age advances.
PubMedSleep/wake disturbances in working life.
18 Citations1987Torbjörn Åkerstedt
It is seen that shift work causes disturbed sleep and increased fatigue, mainly due to sleep being displaced to the rising phase of the circadian rhythm, at which interference with sleep is at its maximum.