The behaviour and ecology of wild orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus)
Animal BehaviourPublished 1 February 1974
John Mackinnon
Citations717
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score0.81
SNIP0.91
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Comparison between several populations revealed an interesting mechanisms for the natural regulation of animal numbers and differences between Bornean and Sumatran orang-utans are discussed in relation to the zoogeography of these two islands.
Abstract
Between June 1968 and November 1971, 21 months of fieldwork were spent studying wild populations of orang-utans in Borneo and Sumatra. Fifteen hundred hours of daylight observation were made on these animals. In contrast to other higher primates, the dispersed distribution of food and the orang-utan's slow mode of travel seem to favour solitary habits. Over, 80 per cent of foraging units seen contined only one independent animal, either alone or with dependent young. Larger groupings were seen when adolescents joined up with other animals or when males and females formed temporary consortships for mating purposes. Comparison between several populations revealed an interesting mechanisms for the natural regulation of animal numbers. Differences between Bornean and Sumatran orang-utans are discussed in relation to the zoogeography of these two islands.
Keywords
PsychologyBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyEnvironmental Science
Biological Journal of the Linnean SocietySpeciation among tropical forest trees: some deductions in the light of recent evidence
448 Citations1969Peter S. Ashton
The Facial Displays of the Catarrhine Monkeys and Apes
412 Citations2017Van Hooff
Journal of ZoologyForest living baboons in Uganda
291 Citations1966T. E. Rowell
It is suggested that direct environmental effects may be responsible for many differences at present regarded as specific, so that caution and intraspecific comparative studies are needed before behaviour is described as species typical.
BehaviourSocial Structure Among Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus Aethiops)
277 Citations1967Thomas T. Struhsaker
Vervet territoriality was characterized by all-purpose areas that were defended by all age-sex classes of heterosexual groups throughout the year (excepting infants).
American Journal of Physical AnthropologyKnuckle‐walking and the evolution of hominoid hands
275 Citations1967Russell H. Tuttle
The knuckle-walking hands and plantigrade feet of African apes are both morphologically and adaptively distinct from those of Pongo, their nearest relative among extant apes, and these features are associated with a common adaptive shift to terrestrial locomotion and support placing chimpanzees and gorillas in the same genus Pan.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesA MOLECULAR TIME SCALE FOR HUMAN EVOLUTION
185 Citations1969Allan C. Wilson, Vincent M. Sarich
It is shown that concordance exists between the hemoglobin and albumin results and that both support the suggestion that the human lineage diverged from that leading to the African apes far more recently than is generally supposed.
Animal BehaviourSocial organization and the environment: Aspects of contemporary social ethology
176 Citations1970John Hurrell Crook
The relations between dominance status, affiliative and kinship relations, social subterfuge and competition-contingent cooperation are discussed in an attempt to outline the dynamics of social change within relatively stable group structures.
Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)The Fore-limb Skeleton and Associated Remains of Proconsul africanus
165 Citations1959J. R. Napier, P. R. Davis
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)Prehistoric teeth of man and of the orang-utan from Central Sumatra, with notes on the fossil orang-utan from Java and Southern China
142 Citations1948D.A. Hooyer
The evolution of the dentition of Pongo pygmaeus (Hoppius) is described, which shows how man's natural interest in his nearest relatives has built up an enormous interest in the living anthropoids.
American Journal of Physical AnthropologyThe hominoid wrist joint
116 Citations1969O. J. Lewis
There is convincing evidence in favour of the view that a period of brachiation provided the essential apprenticeship for the complex locomotor activities of bipedal, tool-using man.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)Mammals of the Lowland Rain-Forest of North Borneo
114 Citations1962D. D. Davis
OryxThe Orang-utan in Sabah Today
111 Citations1971John Mackinnon
The orang-utan or ‘man of the woods’ has now become the rarest, most threatened and least understood of all the apes.
Allogrooming in Primates: a Review
110 Citations2017John Sparks
Science<i>Colobus guereza</i> : Territoriality and Group Composition
107 Citations1969Peter Marler
The territories of these arboreal, forest animals are much smaller than the home ranges of more terrestrial and nonterritorial open-country primaes.
Animal BehaviourResponse to nesting materials of wild born and captive born chimpanzees
102 Citations1962Irwin S. Bernstein
Folia PrimatologicaSurvival, Mating and Rearing Strategies in the Evolution of Primate Social Structure
84 Citations1972J.D. Goss-Custard, Robin Dunbar +1 more
The bearing of variations in certain aspects of social structure on the survival and reproductive success of individuals is discussed and their bearing on reproductive success and individual survival evaluated.
OryxThe Mountain Gorilla: Ecology and Behaviour. By George B. Schaller. University of Chicago Press, 72<i>s</i>.
52 Citations1964S. Zuckerman
It is a good book, which makes little claim to do more than report what the author observed during a spell of two years which he spent in the Albert National Park in the Congo, first in association with his colleague, Professor J. T. Emlen, and throughout the period with his wife.
EvolutionPHYLETIC DIVERGENCE DATES OF HOMINOID PRIMATES: A COMPARISON OF FOSSIL AND MOLECULAR DATA
51 Citations1971Thomas Uzzell, David Pilbeam
The fossil evidence and biochemical data are considered for the dates of divergence of various primate lineages based primarily on the comparative immunology of serum albumin.
American Journal of Physical AnthropologyEvolution of the human shoulder: Some possible pathways
47 Citations1969Charles Oxnard
The analyses suggest positively that the minimum evolutionary pathway may well have been from the shoulder of a totally arboreal ape, presumably genetically related to Pan and Gorilla, but functionally similar to that evolved in parallel in the highly arBoreal orang-utan, Pongo.
NatureAppearance of Hipparion in the Tertiary of the Siwalik Hills of North India, Kashmir and West Pakistan
24 Citations1971Elwyn L. Simons, David Pilbeam +1 more
The relative age of the faunas of the classic Siwalik deposits of north-west India and Pakistan is of considerable interest for the dating of the fossil primates Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of LondonPREGNANCY AND PARTURITION IN A BORNEAN ORANG
24 Citations1962Oliver Graham‐Jones, W. C. Osman Hill
The birth in captivity of an orang utan is described, the mother being a young primiparou animal and a description of the foetal membranes is given.
OryxOrang-utans in Sumatra
23 Citations1973John Mackinnon
This report compares his findings with those of his earlier and much longer study in Sabah, the report of which was published in Oryx September 1971, and also comments on some other mammals in his study area, including the Sumatran rhino.
NatureTwo New Fossil Primates from the Lower Miocene of Kenya
21 Citations1970Peter Andrews
Relationships of Miocene Hominoidea are re-evaluated in the light of two new fossil pongids from the early Miocene of Rusinga and Songhor, one an und determined species of Proconsul possibly ancestral to orang-utans and the other an undetermined species of Aegyptopithecus.
EvolutionMEASUREMENT OF SELECTION USING DISTANCE STATISTICS IN THE PREHISTORIC ORANG-UTAN <i>PONGO PYGMAEUS PALAEOSUMATRENSIS</i>
14 Citations1969Leslie F. Marcus
A large collection of isolated teeth of the prehistoric orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus palaeosumatrensis from two caves in Sumatra has been analyzed using distance statistics to estimate selection intensities.
Bijdragen tot de DierkundeContribution to the Knowledge of the Geographical Races of Pongo Pygmaeus (Hoppius)
12 Citations1968A.C.V. van Bemmel
OryxThe Orang-Utan in North Borneo
6 Citations1961Ken Stott, C. Jackson Selsor
The results of inquiries and observations were encouraging enough for the writers to conclude that the orang in North Borneo is, for the present, in no danger of extinction and that it survives in moderate numbers wherever suitable habitat exists.