Lopinavir–Ritonavir versus Nelfinavir for the Initial Treatment of HIV Infection
New England Journal of MedicinePublished 27 June 2002
Sharon Walmsley, Barry Bernstein, Martin King, José Ramón Arribas, Gildon Beall, Peter Ruane
Citations647
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score19.08
SNIP13.47
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
For the initial treatment of HIV-infected adults, a combination regimen that includes lopinavir-ritonavir is well tolerated and has antiviral activity superior to that of a nelfinavIR-containing regimen.
Abstract
For the initial treatment of HIV-infected adults, a combination regimen that includes lopinavir-ritonavir is well tolerated and has antiviral activity superior to that of a nelfinavir-containing regimen.
Keywords
Immunology and MicrobiologyMedicine
New England Journal of MedicineDeclining Morbidity and Mortality among Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
9,465 Citations1998Frank J. Palella, Kathleen M. Delaney +6 more
The recent declines in morbidity and mortality due to AIDS are attributable to the use of more intensive antiretroviral therapies.
Annals of Internal MedicineAdherence to Protease Inhibitor Therapy and Outcomes in Patients with HIV Infection
3,328 Citations2000David L. Paterson, Susan Swindells +6 more
Given the critical importance of adherence to therapy to patient outcome, secondary prevention of HIV infection, and willingness of providers to prescribe therapy, this prospectively investigated the association between protease inhibitor adherence and patient outcome and factors related to adherence.
PubMedSurveillance for dracunculiasis, 1981-1991.
1,111 Citations1992Hopkins Dr, Ernesto Ruiz‐Tiben
Methods for conducting surveillance of dracunculiasis and other important diseases must continue to be developed and improved as countries now believed to be free of dracanculiasis prepare to apply to WHO for certification of elimination.
New England Journal of MedicineEfavirenz plus Zidovudine and Lamivudine, Efavirenz plus Indinavir, and Indinavir plus Zidovudine and Lamivudine in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection in Adults
1,007 Citations1999Schlomo Staszewski, Javier O Morales-Ramirez +10 more
As antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected adults, the combination of efavirenz, zidovudine, and lamivudine has greater antiviral activity and is better tolerated than the combination.
The LancetClinical progression and virological failure on highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 patients: a prospective cohort study
933 Citations1999Bruno Ledergerber, Matthias Egger +10 more
The rate of virological failure of HAART was high among patients with a history of antiretroviral treatment, but the probability of clinical progression was low even in patients with viral rebound.
New England Journal of MedicineHIV-Protease Inhibitors
861 Citations1998Charles Flexner
Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–encoded protease, combined with nucleoside analogues with antiretroviral activity, cause profound and sustained suppression of viral replication, reduce morbidity, and prolong life in patients with HIV infection.
PubMedAntiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA Panel.
783 Citations2000M S Hirsch, F Brun-Vézinet +12 more
Nature MedicineOrdered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir
766 Citations1996Akhteruzzaman Molla, Marina Korneyeva +15 more
Analysis of the HIV protease gene from the plasma of HIV–infected patients revealed substitutions at nine different codons selected in response to monotherapy with the protease inhibitors ritonavir, suggesting that dual protease inhibitor therapy might increase the duration of viral suppression.
Antimicrobial Agents and ChemotherapyABT-378, a Highly Potent Inhibitor of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease
470 Citations1998Hing L. Sham, Dale J. Kempf +25 more
The potential utility of ABT-378 as a therapeutic intervention against AIDS is demonstrated by using the X-ray crystal structure of the complex of HIV protease and ritonavir to design a potent protease inhibitor which has a diminished interaction with Val 82.
PubMedDeaths: final data for 1998.
433 Citations2000Sherry L Murphy
The overall improvements in general mortality and life expectancy in 1998 continue the long-term downward trend in U.S. mortality.
Antimicrobial Agents and ChemotherapyPharmacokinetic enhancement of inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus protease by coadministration with ritonavir
420 Citations1997Dale J. Kempf, Kennan C. Marsh +13 more
Combination regimens of ritonavir and other protease inhibitors may thus play a role in the treatment of HIV infection, however, such combinations require further investigation to establish safe regimens for clinical use.
The LancetDecline in deaths from AIDS due to new antiretrovirals
377 Citations1997Robert S. Hogg, Michael V. O’Shaughnessy +5 more
There was a significant decline in programme mortality rates since the first quarter of 1994, and this decline coincides with the availability of lamivudine in the province through open access and with the expanded use of double combination antiretroviral therapy.
JAMAAbacavir-Lamivudine-Zidovudine vs Indinavir-Lamivudine-Zidovudine in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Adults<SUBTITLE>A Randomized Equivalence Trial</SUBTITLE>
278 Citations2001Schlomo Staszewski
In this study of antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults, the triple nucleoside regimen of abacavir-lamivudine-zidovudine -zidvudine was equivalent to the regimen of indinavir- LamivUDine-ZidovUDine in achieving a plasma HIV RNA level of less than 400 copies/mL at 48 weeks.
AIDSVirological treatment failure of protease inhibitor therapy in an unselected cohort of HIV-infected patients
277 Citations1997Gerd Fätkenheuer, Albert Theisen +11 more
An unexpectedly high rate of virological treatment failure of protease inhibitor therapy was found in an unselected cohort of HIV-infected patients in two German tertiary care treatment centres.
Clinical PharmacokineticsProtease Inhibitors in Patients with HIV Disease
255 Citations1997Michael Barry, Sara Gibbons +2 more
Recent work demonstrates an even greater antiviral effect from triple therapy with 2 nucleosides, zidovudine plus zalcitabine with the addition of saquinavir, a new protease inhibitor drug.
AIDSABT-378/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48-week results
238 Citations2001Robert L. Murphy, Scott Brun +13 more
The activity and durable suppression of HIV-1 observed in this study is probably attributable to the observed tolerability profile and the achievement of high ABT-378 plasma concentrations.
AIDSImportance of protease inhibitor plasma levels in HIV-infected patients treated with genotypic-guided therapy: pharmacological data from the Viradapt Study
223 Citations2000J. Durant, Philippe Clevenbergh +7 more
Multiple parameters determine the response to antiretroviral therapy and causes other than the development of drug resistance should be considered in the setting of therapeutic failure.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesOutcome and Predictors of Failure of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: One‐Year Follow‐Up of a Cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected Persons
179 Citations1999Ferdinand W N M Wit, Remko van Leeuwen +12 more
The outcome and predictors of virologic treatment failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were determined for 271 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected protease inhibitor-naive persons.
Clinical Pharmacology & TherapeuticsPharmacokinetic interactions between two human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, ritonavir and saquinavir*
164 Citations1998Ann Hsu, G. Richard Granneman +8 more
To assess the pharmacokinetic interaction between ritonavir and saquinavir, a novel mesoporous substance was developed which binds to the polypeptide-like substance racemate and acts as a “spatially aggregating agent” to spur on the formation of polymethine-like substances.
Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug TherapyIndinavir Concentrations and Antiviral Effect
162 Citations1999Edward P. Acosta, Keith Henry +3 more
To determine the variability of indinavir pharmacokinetics in patients attending an outpatient clinic, and to explore relationships betweenIndinavir exposure and antiviral effect, is explored.
Antimicrobial Agents and ChemotherapyPharmacokinetic Interaction between Ritonavir and Indinavir in Healthy Volunteers
158 Citations1998Ann Hsu, G. Richard Granneman +9 more
With the altered pharmacokinetic profile, indinavir likely could be given as a b.i.d. combination regimen with ritonavir to improve patient compliance and thereby reduce treatment failures.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesDrug Resistance and Predicted Virologic Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitor Therapy
139 Citations2000Jon H. Condra, Christos J. Petropoulos +4 more
It is suggested that twice-daily indinavir-ritonavir and, to a lesser extent, amprenavir-ritchavir may be effective for many patients with viruses resistant to protease inhibitors.
DrugsNelfinavir
132 Citations2000Anne Bardsley-Elliot, Greg L. Plosker
Nelfinavir, in combination with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and/or other protease inhibitors, is effective in limiting HIV replication and increasing CD4+ cell counts in HIV-infected adults and children.
AIDSThe steady-state plasma pharmacokinetics of indinavir alone and in combination with a low dose of ritonavir in twice daily dosing regimens in HIV-1-infected individuals
107 Citations1999Rolf P. G. van Heeswijk, Agnes I. Veldkamp +7 more
The results of this observational study provide a pharmacologic basis for the combination of indinavir (800 mg) and ritonavir (100 mg) in twice daily dosing regimens and significantly affects the pharmacokinetic profile ofIndinavir.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesEffect of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic on Mortality from Opportunistic Infections in the United States in 1993
64 Citations1997Richard M. Selik, John M. Karon +1 more
The HIV epidemic has greatly increased mortality from several OIs, and the age-adjusted rate of death per million population was compared with the rate predicted from a model of rates in 1970-1980 or 1979-1981, as available.
AIDSRandomized, double-blind comparison of two nelfinavir doses plus nucleosides in HIV-infected patients (Agouron study 511)
61 Citations2001Michael S. Saag, Pablo Tebas +5 more
The range and incidence of adverse events was similar for the two nelfinavir-containing arms, with diarrhea being the most common adverse event, and Virologic responses were sustained over 12 months.
Infectious Disease Clinics of North AmericaPROGRESS IN HIV THERAPEUTICS AND THE CHALLENGES OF ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
52 Citations2000Laurie Andrews, Gerald Friedland
The aim of providing and maintaining therapeutic benefit necessitates that clinicians develop and employ practical and relevant strategies to support antiretroviral adherence, and the theoretical basis for improving adherence exists, but more substantial research is required.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesCorrelation between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Genotypic Resistance and Virologic Response in Patients Receiving Nelfinavir Monotherapy or Nelfinavir with Lamivudine and Zidovudine
43 Citations2000Barabara F Atkinson, Jeffrey D. Isaacson +3 more
PubMedTherapeutic drug monitoring of saquinavir in patients during protease inhibitor therapy with saquinavir alone or in combination with ritonavir or nelfinavir.
21 Citations2000Peter Langmann, Michael Zilly +5 more
The presented data confirm that therapy with SQV alone may not be effective, since trough levels are near the lower limit of antiretroviral efficacy, and the combination of SQV with RTV yields the highest SQV-trough levels.