Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and NetworkingPublished 18 June 2006Open access
Qingchun Ren, Qilian Liang
Citations6
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.55
SNIP0.96
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
This paper proposes two energy-efficient MAC protocols: asynchronous MAC (A-MAC) protocol and asynchronous schedule-based MAC (ASMAC) Protocol, and builds a traffic-strength- and network-density-based model to adjust essential algorithm parameters adaptively.
Abstract
A key challenge for wireless sensor networks is how to extend network lifetime with dynamic power management on energy-constraint sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose two energy-efficient MAC protocols: asynchronous MAC (A-MAC) protocol and asynchronous schedule-based MAC (ASMAC) protocol. A-MAC and ASMAC protocols are attractive due to their suitabilities for multihop networks and capabilities of removing accumulative clock-drifts without any network synchronization. Moreover, we build a traffic-strength- and network-density-based model to adjust essential algorithm parameters adaptively. Simulation results show that our algorithms can successfully acquire the optimum values of power-on/off duration, schedule-broadcast interval, as well as super-time-slot size and order. These algorithm parameters can ensure adequate successful transmission rate, short waiting time, and high energy utilization. Therefore, not only the performance of network is improved but also its lifetime is extended when A-MAC or ASMAC is used.
Keywords
Computer Science
Computer NetworksWireless sensor networks: a survey
17,276 Citations2002Ian F. Akyildiz, Weilian Su +2 more
The concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics is described.
IEEE Transactions on Wireless CommunicationsAn application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks
10,455 Citations2002Wendi Heinzelman, Anantha P. Chandrakasan +1 more
This work develops and analyzes low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), a protocol architecture for microsensor networks that combines the ideas of energy-efficient cluster-based routing and media access together with application-specific data aggregation to achieve good performance in terms of system lifetime, latency, and application-perceived quality.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in CommunicationsPerformance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function
8,647 Citations2000Giuseppe Bianchi
Directed diffusion
5,386 Citations2000Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan +1 more
This paper explores and evaluates the use of directed diffusion for a simple remote-surveillance sensor network and its implications for sensing, communication and computation.
Ad Hoc NetworksA survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks
3,459 Citations2003Kemal Akkaya, Mohamed Younis
The three main categories explored in this paper are data-centric, hierarchical and location-based; each routing protocol is described and discussed under the appropriate category.
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
3,356 Citations2004Joseph Polastre, Jason Hill +1 more
B-MAC's flexibility results in better packet delivery rates, throughput, latency, and energy consumption than S-MAC, and the need for flexible protocols to effectively realize energy efficient sensor network applications is illustrated.
Communications of the ACMWireless integrated network sensors
3,227 Citations2000Gregory J. Pottie, William J. Kaiser
The WINS network represents a new monitoring and control capability for applications in such industries as transportation, manufacturing, health care, environmental oversight, and safety and security, and opportunities depend on development of a scalable, low-cost, sensor-network architecture.
Next century challenges
2,707 Citations1999Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan +2 more
This paper believes that localized algorithms (in which simple local node behavior achieves a desired global objective) may be necessary for sensor network coordination.
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
2,664 Citations2003Tijs van Dam, Koen Langendoen
T-MAC, a contention-based Medium Access Control protocol for wireless sensor networks, introduces an adaptive duty cycle in a novel way: by dynamically ending the active part of it to handle load variations in time and location.
IEEE Transactions on ComputersApplication of Fuzzy Logic to Approximate Reasoning Using Linguistic Synthesis
2,117 Citations1977Mamdani
An avenue for further work in this area is described where the need is to go beyond a purely descriptive approach, and means for implementing a prescriptive or a self-organizing system are explored.
Proceedings of the IEEEFuzzy logic systems for engineering: a tutorial
2,073 Citations1995Jerry M. Mendel
After synthesizing a FLS, it is demonstrated that it can be expressed mathematically as a linear combination of fuzzy basis functions, and is a nonlinear universal function approximator, a property that it shares with feedforward neural networks.
IEEE Personal CommunicationsProtocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network
2,067 Citations2000K. Sohrabi, Jhih-Siao Gao +2 more
A suite of algorithms for self-organization of wireless sensor networks in which there is a scalably large number of mainly static nodes with highly constrained energy resources and support slow mobility by a subset of the nodes, energy-efficient routing, and formation of ad hoc subnetworks.
Uncertain Rule-Based Fuzzy Logic Systems: Introduction and New Directions
1,911 Citations2001Jerry M. Mendel
This chapter discusses Type-2 Fuzzy Sets, a New Direction for FLSs, and Relations and Compositions on different Product Spaces on Different Product Spaces, as well as operations on and Properties of Type-1 Non-Singleton Type- 2 FuzzY Sets.
IEEE Signal Processing MagazineEnergy-aware wireless microsensor networks
1,704 Citations2002Vijay Raghunathan, Curt Schurgers +2 more
This article presents a suite of techniques that perform aggressive energy optimization while targeting all stages of sensor network design, from individual nodes to the entire network.
X-MAC
1,679 Citations2006Michael Buettner, Gary V. Yee +2 more
It is demonstrated through implementation and evaluation in a wireless sensor testbed that X-MAC's shortened preamble approach significantly reduces energy usage at both the transmitter and receiver, reduces per-hop latency, and offers additional advantages such as flexible adaptation to both bursty and periodic sensor data sources.
Energy aware routing for low energy ad hoc sensor networks
1,452 Citations2003Rahul Shah, Jan M. Rabaey
This paper takes the view that always using lowest energy paths may not be optimal from the point of view of network lifetime and long-term connectivity and proposes a new scheme called energy aware routing that uses sub-optimal paths occasionally to provide substantial gains.
ComputerGuest Editors' Introduction: Overview of Sensor Networks
1,434 Citations2004David Culler, Deborah Estrin +1 more
Wireless sensor networks could advance many scientific pursuits while providing a vehicle for enhancing various forms of productivity, including manufacturing, agriculture, construction, and transportation.
SPEED: a stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks
1,181 Citations2004Tian He, John A. Stankovic +2 more
SPEED is a highly efficient and scalable protocol for sensor networks where the resources of each node are scarce, and specifically tailored to be a stateless, localized algorithm with minimal control overhead.
IEEE MicroMica: a wireless platform for deeply embedded networks
1,144 Citations2002Jason Hill, David Culler
Mica provides a set of richly interconnected primitives to facilitate cross-layer optimizations and develops customized protocols tailored to their application; Mica does not require use of predefined protocols.
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewPAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks
1,102 Citations1998Suresh Singh, C.S. Raghavendra
A new multiaccess protocol based on the original MACA protocol with the adition of a separate signalling channel that conserves battery power at nodes by intelligently powering off nodes that are not actively transmitting or receiving packets.
Energy-efficient collision-free medium access control for wireless sensor networks
1,071 Citations2003V R Rajendran, Katia Obraczka +1 more
The traffic-adaptive medium access protocol (TRAMA) is introduced for energy-efficient collision-free channel access in wireless sensor networks and is shown to be fair and correct, in that no idle node is an intended receiver and no receiver suffers collisions.
ComputerPicoRodio supports ad hoc ultra-low power wireless networking
1,009 Citations2000Jan M. Rabaey, M.J. Ammer +3 more
The authors present a configurable architecture that enables these opportunities to be efficiently realized in silicon and believe that this energy-conscious system design and implementation methodology will lead to radio nodes that are two orders of magnitude more efficient than existing solutions.
Physical layer driven protocol and algorithm design for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks
1,004 Citations2001Eugene Shih, SeongHwan Cho +5 more
This work proposes a physical layer driven approach to designing protocols and algorithms for wireless microsensor networks that have extremely long lifetimes and shows how to reduce energy consumption of non-ideal hardware through physical layer aware algorithms and protocols.
Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach
970 Citations2004Feng Zhao, Leonidas Guibas
This paper presents a meta-modelling framework that automates and automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and expensive process of manually cataloging and cataloging sensor networks.
A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks
955 Citations2001Alec Woo, David Culler
This work proposes an adaptive rate control mechanism aiming to support media access control in sensor networks and finds that such a scheme is most effective in achieving the authors' fairness goal while being energy efficient for both low and high duty cycle of network traffic.
Energy-efficient communication protocols for wireless microsensor networks
933 Citations2000Wendi Heinzelman, Anantha P. Chandrakasan +1 more
IEEE Communications MagazineDoes the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol work well in multihop wireless ad hoc networks?
909 Citations2001S. Xu, Tarek Saadawi
It is concluded that the current version of this wireless LAN protocol does not function well in multihop ad hoc networks, and it is doubt whether the WaveLAN-based system is workable as a mobile ad hoc testbed.
Measuring and Reducing Energy Consumption of Network Interfaces in Hand-Held Devices
711 Citations1997Mark Stemm, Randy H. Katz
A power controlled multiple access protocol for wireless packet networks
637 Citations2002J.P. Monks, V. Bharghavan +1 more
The initial simulation results show that the PCMA can improve the throughput performance of the non-power controlled IEEE 802.11 by a factor of 2 with potential for additional scalability as source-destination pairs become more localized, thus providing a compelling reason for migrating to a new power controlled multiple access wireless MAC protocol standard.
Distributed ComputingProbabilistic clock synchronization
592 Citations1989Flaviu Cristian
A probabilistic method is proposed for reading remote clocks in distributed systems subject to unbounded random communication delays and can achieve clock synchronization precisions superior to those attainable by previously published clock synchronization algorithms.
Energy-aware routing in cluster-based sensor networks
530 Citations2003Mohamed Younis, Moustafa Youssef +1 more
This work presents a novel approach for energy-aware and context-aware routing of sensor data that calls for network clustering and assigns a less-energy-constrained gateway node that acts as a centralized network manager.
RAP: a real-time communication architecture for large-scale wireless sensor networks
514 Citations2003Chenyang Lu, Brian Blum +3 more
RAP is presented, a new real-time communication architecture for large-scale sensor networks that provides convenient, high-level query and event services for distributed micro-sensing applications and significantly reduces the end-to-end deadline miss ratio in the sensor network.
An energy-aware QoS routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
505 Citations2004Kemal Akkaya, Mohamed Younis
This paper proposes an energy-aware QoS routing protocol, which finds a least-cost, delay-constrained path for real-time data in terms of link cost that captures nodes' energy reserve, transmission energy, error rate and other communication parameters.
IEEE Transactions on Mobile ComputingA minimum cost heterogeneous sensor network with a lifetime constraint
439 Citations2004Vivek P. Mhatre, Catherine Rosenberg +3 more
A heterogeneous sensor network in which nodes are to be deployed over a unit area for the purpose of surveillance is considered, finding optimum node intensities and node energies that guarantee a lifetime of at least T units, while ensuring connectivity and coverage of the surveillance area with a high probability.
MACAW: A media access protocol for wireless LANs
426 Citations1994V. Bharghavan
This paper studies media access protocols for a single channel wireless LAN being developed at Xerox Corporation and Palo Alto Research Center and develops a new protocol, MACAW.
A power control MAC protocol for ad hoc networks
414 Citations2002Eun-Sun Jung, Nitin H. Vaidya
A power control MAC protocol that allows nodes to vary transmit power level on a per-packet basis is presented and it is shown that these schemes can degrade network throughput and can result in higher energy consumption than when using IEEE 802.11 without power control.
Journal of the ACMOptimal clock synchronization
386 Citations1987T K Srikanth, Sam Toueg
This is the first known solution that achieves optimal accuracy—the accuracy of synchronized clocks (with respect to real time) is as good as that specified for the underlying hardware clocks.
Low-power wireless sensor networks
379 Citations2002Rex Min, Manish Bhardwaj +5 more
An overview of the key technologies required for low-energy distributed microsensors include power aware computation/communication component technology, low- energy signaling and networking, system partitioning based on computation and communication tradeoffs, and a power aware software infrastructure is presented.
An energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless LANs
361 Citations2003Eun-Sun Jung, Nitin H. Vaidya
An adaptive mechanism to dynamically choose a suitable ATIM window size is proposed that outperforms the IEEE 802.11 power saving mechanism in terms of throughput and the amount of energy consumed.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in CommunicationsIntelligent medium access for mobile ad hoc networks with busy tones and power control
314 Citations2000Shih‐Lin Wu, Yu‐Chee Tseng +1 more
The possibility of combining the concept of power control with the RTS/CTS-based and busy-tone-based protocols to further increase channel utilization and shows a promising direction to enhance the performance of MANETs.
A Lightweight Medium Access Protocol (LMAC) for Wireless Sensor Networks: Reducing Preamble Transmissions and Transceiver State Switches
305 Citations2004L.F.W. van Hoesel, Paul Havinga
An energy-efficient medium access protocol designed for wireless sensor networks that reduces the number of transceiver state switches and hence the energy wasted in preamble transmissions and is compared to SMAC and EMACs by simulation.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on NetworkingTime-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks
291 Citations2005W. Su, Ian F. Akyildiz
The Time-Diffusion Synchronization Protocol (TDP) is proposed as a network-wide time synchronization protocol that allows the sensor network to reach an equilibrium time and maintains a small time deviation tolerance from the equilibrium time.
An implicit prioritized access protocol for wireless sensor networks
285 Citations2003Marco Caccamo, L.Y. Zhang +2 more
This paper presents a network architecture suitable for sensor networks along with a medium access control protocol based on earliest deadline first that will help in the development of pervasive computing.
A distributed and adaptive signal processing approach to reducing energy consumption in sensor networks
272 Citations2003J. Chou, Đ. Petrović +1 more
This paper proposes a distributed way of continuously exploiting existing correlations in sensor data based on adaptive signal processing and distributed source coding principles, which enables sensor nodes to blindly compress their readings with respect to one another without the need for explicit and energy-expensive intersensor communication.
Delay analysis of IEEE 802.11 in single-hop networks
235 Citations2003Marcelo M. Carvalho, J.J. Garcia‐Luna‐Aceves
This paper uses a bottom-up approach and builds the first two moments of the service time based on the IEEE 802.11 binary exponential backoff algorithm and the events underneath its operation to compute the average service time and jitter experienced by a packet when transmitted in a saturated IEEE802.11 ad hoc network.
Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooksEnergy-Aware TDMA-Based MAC for Sensor Networks
233 Citations2005K.A. Arisha, Moustafa Youssef +1 more
This chapter presents a novel approach for energy-aware management of sensor networks that maximizes the lifetime of the sensors while maintaining desired quality of service attributes related to sensed data delivery.
IEEE Personal CommunicationsPiconet: embedded mobile networking
216 Citations1997F. Bennett, D. B. Clarke +4 more
This article outlines the Piconet system, under development at the Olivetti and Oracle Research Laboratory (ORL), and discusses the motivation for providing this low-level "embedded networking", and describes their experiences of building such a system.
Energy efficient Modulation and MAC for Asymmetric RF Microsensor Systems
215 Citations2001Andrew Wang, SeongHwan Cho +2 more
Performance of a novel self-organization protocol for wireless ad-hoc sensor networks
206 Citations2005K. Sohrabi, Gregory J. Pottie
The paper presents an ad-hoc architecture for wireless sensor networks and other wireless systems similar to them that is energy-sensitive, distributed, scalable, and able to form a connected network rapidly.
Synchronization of Digital Telecommunications Networks
195 Citations2002Stefano Bregni
Synchronization of Digital Telecommunications Networks an enlightening read that provides a clear and profound description of synchronous and asynchronous digital multiplexing (PDH, SDH), jitter and timing aspects of SDH networks.
A bit-map-assisted energy-efficient MAC scheme for wireless sensor networks
178 Citations2004Jing Li, G.Y. Lazarou
The results show that BMA is superior for the cases of low and medium traffic loads, relatively few sensor nodes per cluster, and relatively large data packet sizes, and performs better than the TDMA-based MAC schemes in terms of average packet latency.
IEEE Transactions on Software EngineeringThe accuracy of the clock synchronization achieved by TEMPO in Berkeley UNIX 4.3BSD
161 Citations1989Riccardo Gusella, Stefano Zatti
Comparison with other clock synchronization algorithms shows that TEMPO, in an environment with no Byzantine faults, can achieve better synchronization at a lower cost.
Time synchronization for wireless sensor networks
140 Citations2005Jeremy Elson, Deborah Estrin
A new service model for time synchronization is proposed that provides a much more natural expression of these techniques: explicit timestamp conversions, and the implementation and characterization of several synchronization methods that exemplify the design principles are described.
CMAC: An Energy Efficient MAC Layer Protocol Using Convergent Packet Forwarding for Wireless Sensor Networks
134 Citations2007Sha Liu, Kai‐Wei Fan +1 more
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed SystemsAn analytical model for information retrieval in wireless sensor networks using enhanced apteen protocol
109 Citations2002A. Manjeshwar, Qing‐An Zeng +1 more
An M/G/1 model is developed to analytically determine the delay incurred in handling various types of queries using the enhanced APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient sensor Network protocol) protocol.
IEEE Personal CommunicationsAdvances in wireless terminals
81 Citations1999P. Lettieri, Mani Srivastava
The technological challenges and potential solutions in designing these myriad future "wireless terminals" that will handle diverse data types, have limited battery resources, and operate in environments that are unplanned, insecure, and time-varying, and have context-dependent services are described.
An energy-efficient virtual MIMO communications architecture based on V-blast processing for distributed wireless sensor networks
80 Citations2005Sudharman K. Jayaweera
Numerical results show that the significant energy savings are offered by the proposed virtual MIMO architecture in distributed wireless sensor networks and indicate that while rate optimization over transmission distance may offer improved energy efficiencies in some cases, this is not essential in achieving energy savings as opposed to previously proposed Alamouti scheme-based virtual M IMO implementations.
Energy-efficient TDMA medium access control protocol scheduling
76 Citations2000Paul Havinga, Gerard J.M. Smit
A novel MAC protocol based on mobile grouping that provides Quality of Service (QoS) support for diverse traffic types and is developed and implemented.
Advantages of a TDMA based, energy-efficient, self-organizing MAC protocol for WSNs
75 Citations2005L.F.W. van Hoesel, Tim Nieberg +2 more
The paper presents EMACs, a medium access protocol especially designed for wireless sensor networks, in which each active node periodically listens to the channel and broadcasts a short control message, which is able to extend the network lifetime by 30% to 55% compared to SMAC in a static network topology, and in a dynamic networkTopology.
BitMAC: a deterministic, collision-free, and robust MAC protocol for sensor networks
73 Citations2005
It is demonstrated that it is possible for a receiver to hear the bitwise "or" of the transmissions of multiple synchronized senders within communication range, which allows the efficient implementation of a number of basic operations that serve as a foundation for BitMAC.
Minimizing energy consumption in sensor networks using a wakeup radio
73 Citations2004Matthew J. Miller, Nitin H. Vaidya
Energy-efficient link layer for wireless microsensor networks
70 Citations2002Eugene Shih, Benton H. Calhoun +2 more
Energy-efficient techniques that adapt underlying communication parameters will be presented in the context of wireless microsensor networks and the effect of adapting link and physical layer parameters, such as output transmit power and error control coding, on system energy consumption will be examined.
Hybrid channel access scheduling in ad hoc networks
64 Citations2003Lichun Bao, J.J. Garcia‐Luna‐Aceves
The results of the analyses show that HAMA achieves higher channel utilization in ad hoc networks than a distributed scheduling scheme based on node activation, similar throughput as a well-known scheduling algorithm based on complete topology information, and much higher throughput than the ideal CSMA and CSMA/CA protocols.
Lecture notes in computer scienceAn Energy Efficient Cross-Layer MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
58 Citations2005Changsu Suh, Young‐Bae Ko +1 more
This paper takes an alternative approach i.e., a cross-layer design, and presents a new MAC protocol named MAC-CROSS, where the interactions between MAC and Routing layers are fully exploited to achieve energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks.
On using battery state for medium access control in ad hoc wireless networks
41 Citations2004S. Jayashree, B. S. Manoj +1 more
A novel distributed Battery Aware Medium Access Control (BAMAC(k) protocol that takes benefit of the chemical properties of the batteries, to provide fair scheduling and increased network and node lifetime through uniform discharge of batteries.
Distributed and collaborative tracking for energy-constrained ad-hoc wireless sensor networks
37 Citations2004S. Balasubramanian, I. Elangovan +2 more
An energy-aware, collaborative tracking algorithm is proposed for ad-hoc wireless sensor networks and a state-space model for a target motion and sensor measurement and a cost function based on energy requirements for communication and sensing has been derived.
Dynamic Energy Efficient TDMA-based MAC Protocol forWireless Sensor Networks
34 Citations2005Sungrae Cho, K. Kanuri +3 more
A new MAC protocol referred to as DEE-MAC is proposed which reduces energy consumption by making the idle nodes sleep to reduce idle listening using synchronization at cluster heads.
Data-centric energy efficient scheduling for densely deployed sensor networks
28 Citations2004Chengbin Ma, Ming Ma +1 more
This paper proves that given homogeneous Poisson sensing traffic in a sensor network, the routing traffic is heterogeneous, and introduces a well defined power control model to adapt to heterogeneous traffic, and proposes a data-centric energy efficient scheduling protocol under the power model.
Carrier-sense protocols for packet-switched smart antenna basestations
27 Citations2002Charbel Sakr, T.D. Todd
A more sophisticated CSMA/SDMA protocol is presented which incorporates novel basestation/portable signalling which mitigates the effects of hidden stations and is characterized and compared using analytical throughput/capacity models and mean delay simulations.
"GANGS"
23 Citations2004Saâd Biaz, Yawen Dai Barowski
This paper presents a MAC layer protocol, named "GANGS", as a method of saving energy in sensor networks, and Probabilistic markov chain models are established to evaluate and compare the performance of IEEE802.11 and GANGS.
Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE<title>Self-organizing cooperative UGS network for target tracking</title>
22 Citations2000Richard A. Burne, Ivan Kadar +2 more
Results are described that show improved target tracking accuracy by optimizing the selection of acoustic sensors that measure bearing angles to the target by system algorithms that are capable of optimizing the utilization of the sensors.
Mobile Networks and ApplicationsEnergy‐efficient wireless ATM design
18 Citations2000Paul Havinga, Gerard J.M. Smit +1 more
An architecture for wireless ATM and a novel MAC protocol that achieves a good energy efficiency of the wireless interface of the mobile and provides QoS support for diverse traffic types and only requires a small overhead.
…