The molecular genetics of head development in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
DevelopmentPublished 1 August 1991
Robert Finkelstein, Norbert Perrimon
Citations114
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.72
SNIP0.98
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Agricultural and Biological SciencesBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
NatureMutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila
4,378 Citations1980Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard, Eric Wieschaus
The phenotypes of the mutant embryos indicate that the process of segmentation involves at least three levels of spatial organization: the entire egg as developmental unit, a repeat unit with the length of two segments, and the individual segment.
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2,629 Citations1968Dan L. Lindsley, E. H. Grell
Development Genes and EvolutionMutations affecting the pattern of the larval cuticle inDrosophila melanogaster
1,566 Citations1984C. N�sslein-Volhard, Eric Wieschaus +1 more
From the distribution of the allele frequencies and the rate of discovery of new loci, it was estimated that the 61 loci represent the majority of embryonic lethal loci on the second chromosome yielding phenotypes recognizable in the larval cuticle.
The Embryonic Development of Drosophila melanogaster
1,426 Citations1985José A. Campos‐Ortega, Volker Hartenstein
NatureThe molecular genetics of embryonic pattern formation in Drosophila
1,051 Citations1988Philip W. Ingham
Analysis of the genes that control the early events of Drosophila embryogenesis is providing details of the molecular processes underlying the positional specification of cells.
CellA gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos
1,036 Citations1988Wolfgang Driever, Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard
The maternal gene bicoid organizes anterior development in Drosophila and its mRNA is localized at the anterior tip of the oocyte and early embryo, distributed in an exponential concentration gradient, reaching background levels in the posterior third of the embryo.
DevelopmentThe molecular basis for metameric pattern in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo
1,031 Citations1987Michael Akam
The metameric organization of the Drosophila embryo is generated in the first 5 h after fertilization and an initially rather simple pattern provides the foundation for subsequent development and diversification of the segmented part of the body.
CellThe murine and Drosophila homeobox gene complexes have common features of organization and expression
1,028 Citations1989Anthony Graham, Nancy Papalopulu +1 more
Alignment shows a clear relationship among genes in the mouse and Drosophila complexes, based on relative position, sequence identity, and domains of expression along the rostral-caudal axis.
NatureThe structure of β-lactoglobulin and its similarity to plasma retinol-binding protein
869 Citations1986Miroslav Z. Papiz, Lindsay Sawyer +7 more
A possible binding site for retinol in BLG has been identified by model-building and a role for BLG in vitamin A transport is suggested and specific receptors for the BLG–retinol complex in the intestine of neonate calves are discovered.
CellThe homeotic gene fork head encodes a nuclear protein and is expressed in the terminal regions of the Drosophila embryo
794 Citations1989Detlef Weigel, Gerd Jürgens +3 more
P element-mediated germ-line transformation and sequence comparison of wild-type and mutant alleles identify the fkh gene within the cloned region, suggesting that fkh regulates the transcription of other, subordinate, genes.
The EMBO JournalThe role of localization of bicoid RNA in organizing the anterior pattern of the Drosophila embryo.
748 Citations1988T. Berleth, Maya Burri +6 more
The organization of the anterior pattern in the Drosophila embryo is mediated by the maternal effect gene bicoid and the mRNA is localized at the anterior tip of oocyte and early embryo until the cellular blastoderm stage.
Development Genes and EvolutionMutations affecting the pattern of the larval cuticle inDrosophila melanogaster
685 Citations1984Gerd J�rgens, Eric Wieschaus +2 more
Allele frequencies and comparisons with deficiency phenotypes indicate that the 45 loci represent most, if not all, zygotic loci on the third chromosome, where lack of function recognizably affects the morphology of the larval cuticle.
NatureThe bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in the early Drosophila embryo
674 Citations1989Wolfgang Driever, Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard
A gradient in concentration of the protein product of the bicoid gene is a determinant of the anterior–posterior axis of Drosophila embryos, thereby translating maternal pattern-generating information into differential activation of zygotic gene expression.
NatureSegmental expression of Hox-2 homoeobox-containing genes in the developing mouse hindbrain
561 Citations1989David G. Wilkinson, Sangita Bhatt +3 more
It is reported that members of the Hox-2 cluster of murine homoeobox genes are expressed in segment-specific patterns in the developing hindbrain, with successive genes having boundaries at two-segment intervals.
Development Genes and EvolutionMutations affecting the pattern of the larval cuticle inDrosophila melanogaster
544 Citations1984Eric Wieschaus, C Nüsslein-Volhard +1 more
The results suggest that the number of genes required zygotically for normal embryonic patterning is small and that most, if not all such loci, are represented by point mutations in the collection.
CellA single amino acid can determine the DNA binding specificity of homeodomain proteins
531 Citations1989Jessica Trelsman, Pierre Gönczy +3 more
It is shown that changing a single amino acid at the C-terminus of the recognition helix is both necessary and sufficient to confer the DNA binding specificity of either Ftz or Bcd on Prd, which contains two DNA binding activities.
CellDNA specificity of the bicoid activator protein is determined by homeodomain recognition helix residue 9
487 Citations1989Steven D. Hanes, Roger Brent
This work used the gene activation phenotype in yeast to study DNA recognition by the Bicoid homeodomain and found that a single amino acid replacement at position 9 of the recognition helix was sufficient to switch the DNA specificity of the BICoid protein.
CellDistribution of the wingless gene product in drosophila embryos: A protein involved in cell-cell communication
450 Citations1989Marcel van den Heuvel, Roel Nusse +2 more
Wingless, a segment polarity gene required in every segment for the normal development of the Drosophila embryo, encodes a cysteine-rich protein with a signal peptide that is seen both inside and outside the cell by electron microscopy.
NatureDetermination of spatial domains of zygotic gene expression in the Drosophila embryo by the affinity of binding sites for the bicoid morphogen
435 Citations1989Wolfgang Driever, Gudrun Thoma +1 more
Specific binding sites are shown to confer expression in a region of the embryo that depends on their affinity for bicoid protein: sites of high affinity allow expression further down the bicoids protein gradient than sites of low affinity.
CellDevelopment of embryonic pattern in D. melanogaster as revealed by accumulation of the nuclear engrailed protein
404 Citations1985Stephen DiNardo
The complex final form of the head and terminalia derive from earlier simple subdivision of these areas into developmental fields by engrailed, suggesting that engrailing may be responding to pair-rule segmentation gene products.
NatureOrganization of anterior pattern in the Drosophila embryo by the maternal gene bicoid
390 Citations1986Hans Georg Frohnhöfer, Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard
Cytoplasmic transplantation experiments reveal that bcd+-dependent activity is localized at the anterior pole of wild-type embryos and can induce anterior development in mutant embryos at any position along the antero-posterior axis.
DevelopmentRole of segment polarity genes in the definition and maintenance of cell states in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo
383 Citations1988Alfonso Martínez Arias, Nicholas E. Baker +1 more
It is suggested that positional information is encoded in cell states defined and maintained by the activity of segment polarity gene products.
NatureFinger protein of novel structure encoded by hunchback, a second member of the gap class of Drosophila segmentation genes
373 Citations1987Diethard Tautz, Ruth Lehmann +6 more
The DNA sequence of hunchback, a Drosophila segmentation gene of the gap class, reveals that like Krüppel, the first gap gene analysed, it encodes a protein with finger motifs typical of a class of DNA-binding proteins.
Trends in NeurosciencesThe cellular basis of segmentation in the developing hindbrain
363 Citations1990Andrew Lumsden
This review surveys the evidence that the hindbrain region is laid down as a series of similar modules, final complexity being founded on this simple ground plan.
CellThe Drosophila gene tailless is expressed at the embryonic termini and is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily
361 Citations1990Francesca Pignoni, Richard M. Baldarelli +5 more
The zygotically active tailless tll gene is cloned and it is shown that it encodes a protein with striking similarity to steroid hormone receptors in both the DNA binding "finger" and ligand binding domains.
Developmental BiologyAnalysis of larval segmentation in lethal genotypes associated with the Antennapedia gene complex in Drosophila melanogaster
329 Citations1981Barbara T. Wakimoto, Thomas C. Kaufman
The terminal phenotype of individuals carrying lethal mutations in the W36, R11, or R14 complementation groups demonstrate that these loci are important in normal anterior development and/or body segmentation and suggest functional relationships to the homoeotic mutations previously localized to the 84A-84B1,2 polytene interval.
NatureThe Drosophila gene torso encodes a putative receptor tyrosine kinase
325 Citations1989Frank Sprenger, Leslie M. Stevens +1 more
The maternal gene torso, required for determination of anterior and posterior terminal structures in the Drosophila embryo, was cloned using P-element tagging using structural similarities of the predicted torso protein with growth-factor receptor tyrosine kinases suggest that the spatial restriction of torso activity results from a localized activation of the torso protein at the anterior and anterior egg pole.
Genes & DevelopmentThe orthodenticle gene encodes a novel homeo domain protein involved in the development of the Drosophila nervous system and ocellar visual structures.
322 Citations1990Robert Finkelstein, David Smouse +3 more
The predicted otd protein contains a well-conserved homeo domain and is therefore likely to be a transcriptional regulator involved in specifying cell fate both in the embryonic CNS and in the ocelli.
NatureTranscription pattern of the Drosophila segmentation gene hairy
307 Citations1985Philip W. Ingham, K.R. Howard +1 more
It is found that transcripts of one pair-rule gene, hairy, accumulate in eight distinct regions of the early embryo, and this pattern of expression is compared with that of another pair- rule gene, fushi tarazu, and its dependence on maternally expressed genes is described.
Developmental BiologyA fate map for the larval epidermis ofDrosophila melanogaster: localized cuticle defects following irradiation of the blastoderm with an ultraviolet laser microbeam
291 Citations1979Margit Lohs-Schardin, Christoph Cremer +1 more
Drosophila melanogaster embryos at the cellular blastoderm stage were irradiated with a uv laser microbeam of 20-μm diameter and depending on the site of irradiation, up to 90% of the resulting first-instar larvae showed defects in the integument.
Developmental Biologyhunchback, a gene required for segmentation of an anterior and posterior region of the Drosophila embryo
287 Citations1987Ruth Lehmann, Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard
F Fate mapping of the normal-appearing segments in strong mutant embryos using the UV-laser beam ablation technique shows that these segments arise from the normal blastoderm regions, indicating region specific requirement of hb gene function.
The EMBO JournalAltered distributions of Ultrabithorax transcripts in extra sex combs mutant embryos of Drosophila.
279 Citations1985Gary Struhl, Michael Akam
The results show that the esc gene product is not involved in choosing where the Ubx gene is to be expressed, but rather, that it acts subsequently to ensure that the gene remains off in those primordia in which it is not initially activated.
NatureMediation of Drosophila head development by gap-like segmentation genes
275 Citations1990Stephen M. Cohen, Gerd Jürgens
It is reported here that three previously identified zygotic genes buttonhead, empty spiracles and orthodenticle l5–17 may behave like gap genes that mediate bed function in the embryonic head.
Developmental BiologyDefects in embryogenesis in mutants associated with the antennapedia gene complex of Drosophila melanogaster
262 Citations1984Barbara T. Wakimoto, F. Rudolf Turner +1 more
It is concluded that mutations and deficiencies of genes associated with the ANT-C have profound effects on embryogenesis.
NatureThe orthodenticle gene is regulated by bicoid and torso and specifies Drosophila head development
261 Citations1990Robert Finklstein, Norbert Perrimon
The homeobox gene orthodenticle (otd), which is involved in head development, could be such a gene and it is reported here that otd expression responds to the activity of the maternal tor gene at the anterior pole of the embryo.
Genes & DevelopmentExpression and embryonic function of empty spiracles: a Drosophila homeo box gene with two patterning functions on the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo.
259 Citations1989Dyana K. Dalton, Ruth Chadwick +1 more
Structural and functional comparisons between ems and other embryonic patterning genes of Drosophila suggest that ems acts, in part, as a homeotic selector gene, specifying the identity of some of the most anterior head segments.
Developmental BiologyScanning electron microscopy of Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis
230 Citations1977F. Rudolf Turner, Anthony P. Mahowald
The sequence of gastrulation events in Drosophila melanogaster, starting with the cellular blastoderm and culminating in a segmented embryo, have been studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
CellAutoregulation of a drosophila homeotic selector gene
229 Citations1988Michael Kuziora, William McGinnis
It is found that both early and persistent synthesis of the protein is required for the transformation of other body segments toward head segmental identity and implies that the Dfd protein autoactivates expression from the DFD locus during normal development.
ScienceTwo Gap Genes Mediate Maternal Terminal Pattern Information in <i>Drosophila</i>
218 Citations1990Detlef Weigel, Gerd Jürgens +2 more
The activities of tailless and the newly identified gap gene huckebein are specifically involved in mediating the maternal terminal information at the posterior end of the blastoderm embryo.
Genes & DevelopmentStructure of two genes at the gooseberry locus related to the paired gene and their spatial expression during Drosophila embryogenesis.
218 Citations1987Stefan Baumgartner, Daniel Bopp +2 more
The gooseberry (gsb) locus contains two closely linked genes, BSH9 and BSH4, which are structurally related to each other and to the paired (prd) gene, which can encode proteins of 427 and 452 amino acids, respectively.
Genes & DevelopmentLocalized surface activity of torso, a receptor tyrosine kinase, specifies terminal body pattern in Drosophila.
217 Citations1989Jordi Casanova, Gary Struhl
It is argued that for functions as a ubiquitous surface receptor that is activated by a spatially restricted ligand, and that localized activity of the tor kinase may generate one or more gradients of intracellular signals that control body pattern.
NatureSpecification of limb development in the Drosophila embryo by positional cues from segmentation genes
213 Citations1990Stephen M. Cohen
The EMBO JournalDevelopmental and molecular analysis of Deformed; a homeotic gene controlling Drosophila head development
211 Citations1987Michael Regulski, Nadine McGinnis +2 more
It is shown that null mutants of Deformed result in a loss of pattern elements derived from the maxillary and mandibular segments, and a duplication of a cuticular element of the larval head skeleton, suggesting that the Xenopus gene is the frog homologue of Dfd.
CellSpatial regulation of antennapedia and bithorax gene expression by the Polycomb locus in Drosophila
205 Citations1986Cathy J. Wedeen, Katherine Harding +1 more
It is shown that the ANT-C and BX-C transcript distribution patterns are dramatically altered in the CNS of Pc- embryos, and this altered patterns of expression are discussed in the context of different models for the spatial regulation of ANT, BX,C gene expression.
Development Genes and EvolutionFate-mapping in wild-typeDrosophila melanogaster
203 Citations1985Volker Hartenstein, José A. Campos‐Ortega
The pattern of cell proliferation and cell movements in Drosophila embryogenesis has been analysed with the aim of constructing a blastoderm fate map.
Development Genes and EvolutionSegmental organisation of the head in the embryo of Drosophila melanogaster
196 Citations1986Gerd J�rgens, Ruth Lehmann +2 more
The results suggest that initially the head of the Drosophila embryo does not differ substantially from the generalised insect head as judged by comparison of fate map and segmental organisation.
NatureRequirement of the Drosophila raf homologue for torso function
181 Citations1989Linda Ambrosio, Anthony P. Mahowald +1 more
The results support the idea that the induction of terminal development occurs through a signal transduction system, involving the local activation of the tor-encoded tyrosine kinase at the anterior and posterior egg poles, resulting in the phosphorylation of the l(1)ph gene product.
NatureIsolation of the paired gene of Drosophila and its spatial expression during early embryogenesis
173 Citations1986François Kilchherr, Stefan Baumgartner +3 more
The paired gene of Drosophila melanogaster, a pair-rule gene required for the establishment of proper segmentation, is cloned and transcriptional pattern in young embryos shows developmental polarities along the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes.
The EMBO JournalDifferential regulation of the two transcripts from the Drosophila gap segmentation gene hunchback.
150 Citations1988Christian Schröder, Diethard Tautz +2 more
Using hb‐promoter/lacZ fusion gene constructs in combination with germ line transformation, a regulatory region is delimited to approximately 300 bp upstream of the site of transcription initiation and show that this region is sufficient to confer the full regulation by bcd.
The EMBO JournalHead and tail development of the Drosophila embryo involves spalt, a novel homeotic gene
144 Citations1988Gerd Jürgens
It is proposed that the region‐specific action of the sal gene primarily promotes head as opposed to trunk development, while the BX‐C gene AbdB distinguishes tail from head.
Genes & DevelopmentIsolation of the Drosophila segmentation gene runt and analysis of its expression during embryogenesis.
136 Citations1988J. Peter Gergen, Barbara A. Butler
The runt gene encoded a 2.6-kb poly(A)+ RNA that underwent a series of dynamic changes in its spatial and temporal patterns of accumulation during embryogenesis and was most abundant at the blastoderm stage when it showed the seven stripes of expression characteristic of other Drosophila pair-rule genes.
DevelopmentHomeotic genes and the control of segment diversity
136 Citations1988Michael Akam, Iain Dawson +1 more
It is argued that the early `metameric9 domains of gene expression do correlate with the major morphological subdivisions of the fly, which suggests a relatively direct relationship between the expression of particular homeotic genes and the establishment of the `ground plan9 that characterizes segments within each major tagma of the body.
Genes & DevelopmentIsolation, structure, and expression of labial, a homeotic gene of the Antennapedia Complex involved in Drosophila head development.
131 Citations1989R J Diederich, V.K.L. Merrill +2 more
The labial (lab) gene of Drosophila melanogaster is necessary for the proper development of the embryonic and adult head and it is suggested that lab head expression provides a molecular marker for an intercalary segment that has become morphologically indistinct during the evolution of the insect head.
Development Genes and EvolutionFate-mapping in wild-typeDrosophila melanogaster
131 Citations1985Gerhard M. Technau, José A. Campos‐Ortega
Horseradish peroxidase was used as an intracellular marker to follow the fate of Drosophila embryonic cells and proved to be useful in order to analyse morphogenetic movements.
The EMBO JournalProliferation of both somatic and germ cells is affected in the Drosophila mutants of raf proto‐oncogene.
129 Citations1988Y Nishida, Mami Hata +5 more
Maternal effects on embryogenesis indicated that Draf‐1 is also required in early larval development, and two newly induced recessive lethals belonging to a complementation group in this region were identified to be defective in Draf•1 by P element‐mediated rescue experiments.
Genes & DevelopmentThe expression and regulation of Sex combs reduced protein in Drosophila embryos.
128 Citations1987Peter D. Riley, Sean B. Carroll +1 more
It is found that the Sex combs reduced (Scr) gene product is expressed in a dynamic pattern over the course of embryogenesis, beginning in the ectoderm in parasegment 2 while the germ band is elongated and extending to parasegments 3 during the completion of germ band shortening.
Developmental BiologyDevelopment of the eye-antenna imaginal disc of Drosophila
127 Citations1979Gines Morata, Peter A. Lawrence
A clonal analysis of wild-type and aristapedia eye-antenna discs has shown that both discs are subdivided into anterior and posterior compartments, however, the spatial order of the anterior and anterior compartments is reversed in the adult, so that the posterior compartment is at the extreme anterior tip of the fly.
Development Genes and EvolutionFate-mapping in wild-typeDrosophila melanogaster
125 Citations1985Volker Hartenstein, Gerhard M. Technau +1 more
A fate map of the Drosophila blastoderm is proposed based on reconstructions of increasingly aged embryos and on results of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in early gastrula cells.
Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)The Evolution of the Insect Head: the Endless Dispute
122 Citations1975J. G. Rempel
The proposal is made that the ancestor of the insect was annelid-like, that the prostomium became the acron and that the six originally postoral segments joined the acron to form the head tagma.
Developmental BiologyScanning electron microscopy of Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis
121 Citations1979F. Rudolf Turner, Anthony P. Mahowald
The formation of both the anterior most and posterior most segments in higher dipteran embryos involves complex movements of primordia which can be best visualized with the scanning electron microscope.
Developmental BiologyA genetic and developmental analysis of mutations in the Deformed locus in Drosophila melanogaster
118 Citations1987V.K.L. Merrill, F. Rudolf Turner +1 more
It is concluded that Dfd is a homeotic gene necessary for proper specification of both the embryonic and the adult head of Drosophila melanogaster.
DevelopmentLocalization of transcripts from the <i>wingless</i> gene in whole <i>Drosophila</i> embryos
112 Citations1988Nicholas E. Baker
In situ hybridization has been used to detect transcription in whole Drosophila embryos and it is suggested that the dorsoventral reorganization could be related to the specification of the imaginal disc primordia.
The EMBO JournalThe homeotic gene Sex Combs Reduced of Drosophila: gene structure and embryonic expression.
103 Citations1989Peter K. LeMotte, Atsushi Kuroiwa +2 more
The Scr gene structure is defined, showing that the major embryonic transcript is proximal to the fushi tarazu gene, and the sequence of the transcript is reported, which encodes a 413‐amino acid, homeodomain‐containing protein.
Development Genes and EvolutionTerminal versus segmental development in the Drosophila embryo: the role of the homeotic gene fork head
95 Citations1988Gerd J�rgens, Detlef Weigel
Fkh is a region-specific homeotic rather than a selector gene, which promotes terminal as opposed to segmental development, in Drosophila embryos.
Developmental BiologyA genetic and developmental analysis of mutations in labial, a gene necessary for proper head formation in Drosophila melanogaster
93 Citations1989V.K.L. Merrill, R J Diederich +2 more
A developmental genetic analysis of labial (lab), the most proximal gene in the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C) of Drosophila melanogaster revealed a failure of head involution and the loss or disruption of several head structures, including the salivary glands and the H-piece and ventral arm of the cephalopharyngeal apparatus.
The EMBO JournalA novel spatial transcription pattern associated with the segmentation gene, giant, of Drosophila.
93 Citations1989J D Mohler, Elizabeth D. Eldon +1 more
One transcription unit is active during early embryogenesis and its transcripts are spatially localized from blastoderm into extended germband stages, consistent with expected expression patterns predicted by the ‘gap’ phenotype of giant mutants.
Developmental BiologyControl of the initiation of homeotic gene expression by the gap genes giant and tailless in Drosophila
81 Citations1990John Reinitz, Michael Levine
This work has analyzed the pattern of expression of a variety of homeotic, pair-rule, and gap genes in tailless and giant gap mutants and found that giant is the factor that controls the anterior limit of early Antennapedia expression.
Genes & DevelopmentMolecular analysis of the swallow gene of Drosophila melanogaster.
72 Citations1988Edwin C. Stephenson, Yu‐Chan Chao +1 more
It is shown here that a fragment of a previously identified clone is able to rescue the maternal-effect lethality of swallow mutants, confirming the identity of this clone as swallow.
DevelopmentNovel patterns of homeotic protein accumulation in the head of the<i>Drosophila</i>embryo
71 Citations1989James W. Mahaffey, R J Diederich +1 more
The authors' observations demonstrate a non-overlapping pattern in the head for those homeotic proteins required during embryogenesis, and two of the proteins, Sex combs reduced and Deformed, have different dorsal and ventral patterns of accumulation.
Developmental BiologyAnalysis of cell movements and fate mapping during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster
70 Citations1980Eileen M. Underwood, F. Rudolf Turner +1 more
Analyses of frequency and location of defects suggest that presumptive cells for different segments are contiguous on the blastoderm, and provides an experimental verification of the morphological fate map of Poulson (1950) and a means of localizing gynandromorph maps to the Blastoderm.
Genes & DevelopmentPair—rule segmentation genes regulate the expression of the homeotic selector gene, <i>Deformed</i>
65 Citations1988Thomas Jack, Michael Regulski +223 more
The results support the idea that a hierarchy of homeobox regulatory genes plays a key role in dividing and determining the Drosophila body pattern.
Developmental BiologyA blastoderm fate map of compartments and segments of the Drosophila head
63 Citations1981Gary Struhl
A gynandromorph fate map of the blastoderm primordia forming the compartments and segments of the adult head of Drosophila suggests that at the Blastoderm stage, the Drosophile head consists of a series of six segmentPrimordia of similar size.
NatureAnterior and posterior compartments in the head of Drosophila
62 Citations1978GINES MORATA, Peter A. Lawrence
Three lines of evidence are summarized which show that the main part of the ‘head’—the cuticular parts formed by the eye-antennal disc—is constructed on the same principles as a thoracic segment of Drosophila.
Developmental BiologyHomoeosis in Drosophila: Roles and spatial patterns of expression of the Antennapedia and Sex combs reduced loci in embryogenesis
56 Citations1985Takashi Sato, Pliny H. Hayes +1 more
It is suggested that Scr+ function is necessary for normal development of prothoracic cuticle and some head structures, and that Antp+ is involved in establishing the normal developmental pathway of a unit consisting of posterior Prothorax and anterior mesothorax, with these regions forming head structures and anterior prothOrax, respectively, in the absence of Antp- activity.
The EMBO JournalMolecular characterization of spalt, a homeotic gene required for head and tail development in the Drosophila embryo
53 Citations1988Erich Frei, Reinhard Schuh +7 more
The isolation, identification and structure of the spalt gene is described and it is found that this novel homeotic gene of Drosophila is required for the establishment of the posterior‐most head and the anterior‐most tail segments of the embryo.
DevelopmentHierarchy of the genetic interactions that specify the anteroposterior segmentation pattern of the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo as monitored by <i>caudal</i> protein expression
49 Citations1987Marek Mlodzik, Walter J. Gehring
The cad protein gradient seems to form in response to the primary maternal determinants independent of the segmentation genes, whereas the latter influence zygotic cad expression in the telson region which corresponds to a homeotic selector gene function.
Trends in GeneticsThe egg came first, of course!
49 Citations1989Lynn Manseau, Trudi Schüpbach
The anterior-posterior body pattern of the Drosophila embryo is initiated through the action of maternal gene products, and three groups of maternally acting genes have been shown to direct the synthesis and spatial restriction of the three major organizing activities in the egg.
Development<i>l</i>(<i>1</i>)<i>pole hole</i> is required maternally for pattern formation in the terminal regions of the embryo
49 Citations1989Linda Ambrosio, Anthony P. Mahowald +1 more
The maternal l(1)ph+ gene product is required for the establishment of cell identities at the anterior and posterior poles of the Drosophila embryo and pattern deletions are observed in embryos derived from the terminal class of female sterile mutations.
The EMBO JournalEstablishment of the Deformed expression stripe requires the combinatorial action of coordinate, gap and pair‐rule proteins.
43 Citations1990Tom Jack, William McGinnis
To define the combinations of early genes that are required to establish a unique blastoderm stripe of expression of the homeotic gene Deformed, this work has analysed single and double patterning mutants and heat shock promoter fusion constructs that ectopically express early acting regulators.
Zeitschrift für Morphologie der TiereDie embryonalentwicklung des kopfes und prothorax von Carausius morosus br. (Insecta, Phasmida)
38 Citations1969G�nter Scholl
The development of the head and thorax and legs confirm Weber's subcoxal theory and confirm that the head of Carausius consists of an acron and six segments.
PubMedExperimental manipulations of early Drosophila embryos. I. Adult and embryonic defects resulting from microcautery at nuclear multiplication and blastoderm stages.
31 Citations1974Mary Bownes, J. H. Sang
Localized regions of Drosophila eggs were damaged at both nuclear multiplication and blastoderm stages, using the technique of microcautery, resulting in both anterior and mid-region defects, the latter being most common after damage to the Blastoderm.
Canadian Journal of ZoologyThe embryology of <i>Lytta viridana</i> Le Conte (Coleoptera:Meloidae). V. The blastoderm, germ layers, and body segments
24 Citations1969J. G. Rempel, N. S. Church
The view is expressed that the germ layer theory is applicable in Lytta and pronounced morphogenetic movements affect the blastema, the blastoderm, the germ rudiment, and segmentation.
PubMedExperimental manipulations of early Drosophila embryos. II. Adult and embryonic defects resulting from the removal of blastoderm cells by pricking.
21 Citations1974Mary Bownes, J. H. Sang
Most hatching adults of Drosophila eggs were normal, suggesting that there may be mechanisms which permit compensation for cell loss, and formed or missing adult structures are those expected from the fate map obtained from studies of genetic mosaics.
A Fate Map of the Blastoderm
14 Citations1997José A. Campos‐Ortega, Volker Hartenstein
Along the pages of this book the regularity with which major events of Drosophila embryogenesis occur has been repeatedly emphasized, and this regularity suggested to investigators the possibility of establishing a fate map of the blastoderm.
Developmental GeneticsDifferent requirements for <i>l(1)giant</i> in two embryonic domains of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>
12 Citations1990Jane P. Petschek, Anthony P. Mahowald
It is shown that the requirement of giant activity is different in these two embryonic domains, anteriorly in that a particular region is missing from the blastoderm fate map, whereas in the abdominal domain, giant affects the development of anterior compartment-specific structures.
BioEssaysAnterior‐posterior pattern formation: An evolutionary perspective on genes specifying terminal domains
7 Citations1988Teresa R. Strecker, Judith A. Lengyel
The Drosophila anterior‐posterior pattern genes of the terminal class, particularly the tailless gene, affect structures derived from the acron and the tail region of the embryo, and suggest that the specification of termini in these metameric organisms is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved process.
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