Conditioned fear-induced opiate analgesia on the Formalin test: Evidence for two aversive motivational systems
Learning and MotivationPublished 1 May 1982
Michael S. Fanselow, Marlene P. Baackes
Citations158
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.46
SNIP0.95
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TL;DR
Fear, conditioned to apparatus cues associated with electric shock, was measured by recording freezing and the opiate antagonist naltrexone reversed this analgesia, suggesting that the analgesia has an opiate nature.
Abstract
Abstract Fear, conditioned to apparatus cues associated with electric shock, was measured by recording freezing. Pain reactivity was simultaneously measured by recording the paw-licking and paw-lifting response to Formalin injected into a paw. Stimuli associated with shock produced freezing and inhibited the responses to Formalin; whereas various control stimuli did neither. These results indicate that one of the responses to fear is analgesia. The opiate antagonist naltrexone reversed this analgesia, suggesting that the analgesia has an opiate nature. The results were interpreted in terms of a two-aversive-motivational-systems model. One system, the pain system, is instigated by tissue-damaging stimuli and produces recuperative behavior that functions to promote healing. The other system, the fear system, is triggered by conditioned fear stimuli. It produces species-specific defensive reactions and also inhibits the pain system via analgesia.
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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