The Functional Significance of Sleep with Particular Regard to the Brain Mechanisms Underlying Consciousness
Published 1 January 1965
G. Moruzzi
Citations123
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The physiology of sleep is an appropriate subject in a symposium devoted to conscious experience.
Abstract
The physiology of sleep is an appropriate subject in a symposium devoted to conscious experience. This theme was discussed in several reports at the Ste. Marguerite Symposium on Brain Mechanisms and Consciousness, whose proceedings were published just ten years ago [Delafresnaye, 1954].
Keywords
Neuroscience
Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologyBrain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG
4,281 Citations1949G. Moruzzi, H. W. Magoun
The possibility is considered that a background of maintained activity within this ascending brain stem activating system may account for wakefulness, while reduction of its activity either naturally, by barbiturates, or by experimental injury and disease, may respectively precipitate normal sleep, contribute to anesthesia or produce pathological somnolence.
The American Journal of the Medical SciencesSleep and Wakefulness
1,063 Citations1964Nathaniel Kleitman, James E. Eckenhoff
Journal of the American Medical AssociationThe Physiology and Pathology of the Cerebellum
671 Citations1958
This excellent volume by Drs.
The Journal of PhysiologySingle unit activity in striate cortex of unrestrained cats
577 Citations1959David H. Hubel
A method for unit recording from the cortex of unanaesthetized, unrestrained cats is described, some observations from the striate cortex are presented, and the objectives have been to observe maintained unit activity under various conditions such as sleep and wakefulness.
The American Journal of the Medical SciencesBRAIN AND CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE
523 Citations1967John C. Eccles
The Journal of PhysiologySingle unit activity in lateral geniculate body and optic tract of unrestrained cats
414 Citations1960David H. Hubel
Methods for stereotaxic depth recordings in the unanaesthetized unrestrained animal were developed in order to make cortical and depth studies under similar conditions and make it possible to record from single units from virtually any part of the brain of the freely moving animal.
The Journal of PhysiologyImpulses in the pyramidal tract
375 Citations1939E. D. Adrian, G. Moruzzi
It is found that in the anaesthetized animal there is usually a continued pyramidal discharge which is infra-liminal for the motor nerve cells of the spinal cord, that the cerebral neurones can be made to discharge at extremely high frequencies with certain forms of stimulation, and that such discharges are to be found whenever there is a widespread excitation of epileptiform type.
Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologyResponses to auditory stimulation, sleep loss and the EEG stages of sleep
367 Citations1964Harold L. Williams, John T. Hammack +3 more
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of AmericaAuditory-Evoked Potentials from Cochlea to Cortex as Influenced by Activation of the Efferent Olivo-Cochlear Bundle
220 Citations1962Jean Edouard Desmedt
The crossed olivo‐cochlear bundle of Rasmussen was stimulated stereotaxically in acute experiments on cats immobilized by Flaxedil and prepared either under pentobarbital, or chloralose, or with a high‐spinal section.
Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologyDepression of electrically induced reflexes (“H-reflexes”) in man during low voltage EEG “sleep”
150 Citations1964Robert Hodes, William C. Dement
ScienceSpontaneous Discharge of Single Neurons during Sleep and Waking
89 Citations1962Edward V. Evarts, Ephraim Bental +2 more
Populations of single neurons in visual cortex, middle suprasylvian association cortex, and brain stem of cat show greater variance of spontaneous discharge rates during waking than during sleep; this change in variance occurs in the absence of significant changes in mean discharge rates.
Electroencephalography and Clinical NeurophysiologyThalamic mechanisms involved in cortical desynchronization and recruiting responses
82 Citations1963John Schlag, F Chaillet
A few years ago, much importance was given to some limited regions of the thalamus with widespread cortical projections in explaining the mechanism of the cerebral rhythms, but now it was shown that the spindling activities probably find their origin in these subcortical structures.
NatureSleep in Ruminants
52 Citations1955C. C. Balch
It was found that it was debatable if cows ever sleep; even at times of total rest they kept their eyes open except for very short periods—a few minutes at most—when they generally rested their heads on the flanks.
American Journal of Physiology-Legacy ContentPharmacological studies of recurrent cortical inhibition and facilitation
45 Citations1965V. B. Brooks, Hiroshi Asanuma
Intravenous injections of subconvulsive doses of strychnine or of picrotoxin reduced recurrent inhibition slightly and reversibly; convulsive doses precluded such measurements.
Animal BehaviourThe electroencephalogram of goats during somnolence and rumination
29 Citations1960F. R. Bell
The possible connection between somnolence, rumination and the activity of the brain-stem reticular formation is discussed in relationship to anatomical and biochemical differences shown between the Bovidae and other species.
Cellular and Molecular Life SciencesReflex activity of extensor and flexor muscles following muscular afferent excitation during sleep and wakefulness
15 Citations1963Salvatore Giaquinto, O. Pompeiano +1 more
Per stimoli efficaci a produrre nel sonno profondo questa contrazione flessoria si osserva anche una risposta motoria generalizzata, che si accompagna ad una reazione di risveglio.
Cellular and Molecular Life SciencesSupraspinal inhibitory control of spinal reflexes during natural sleep
14 Citations1963Salvatore Giaquinto, O. Pompeiano +1 more
Questa azione di controllo viene trasmessa da centri sopraspinali al midollo spinale attraverso vie che decorrono principalmente, per quanto non esclusivamente, nei funicoli ventro-laterali.
Pathophysiological Studies of Brain Mechanisms in Different States of Consciousness
12 Citations1965Herbert H. Jasper
Recent neurophysiological studies have brought to light some new principles which may be brought to bear upon some of these old problems, a few of which I would like to present for the consideration of this conference.
Cellular and Molecular Life SciencesMonosynaptic reflex and natural sleep
6 Citations1964Kinziro Kubota, Yoshiaki Iwamura +1 more