Internet protocol performance over networks with wireless links
IEEE NetworkPublished 1 January 1999
George Xylomenos, George C. Polyzos
Citations65
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.52
SNIP2.18
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The problems that arise when standard Internet protocols such as TCP are used over wireless links, including degraded TCP performance when wireless errors are interpreted as congestion losses are discussed.
Abstract
This article discusses the problems that arise when standard Internet protocols such as TCP are used over wireless links. We review wireless link characteristics with case studies drawn from commercial wireless LANs and cellular telephony systems. We discuss problems with Internet protocols when employed over these systems, such as degraded TCP performance when wireless errors are interpreted as congestion losses. We survey various proposed approaches to mitigating such problems and examine their applicability. Finally, we look at the future of wireless systems and the new challenges that they will create for Internet protocols, and state some goals for further protocol enhancement and evolution, pointing out the need for better protocol integration across layers.
Keywords
Computer ScienceEngineering
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewCongestion avoidance and control
5,337 Citations1995Van Jacobson
The measurements and the reports of beta testers suggest that the final product is fairly good at dealing with congested conditions on the Internet, and an algorithm recently developed by Phil Karn of Bell Communications Research is described in a soon-to-be-published RFC.
Congestion avoidance and control
2,447 Citations1988Van Jacobson
In October of '86, the Internet had the first of what became a series of 'congestion collapses' during this period, the data throughput from LBL to UC Berkeley dropped from 32 Kbps to 40 bps.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on NetworkingA comparison of mechanisms for improving TCP performance over wireless links
1,374 Citations1997Hari Balakrishnan, Venkata N. Padmanabhan +2 more
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewSimulation-based comparisons of Tahoe, Reno and SACK TCP
1,147 Citations1996Kevin Fall, Sally Floyd
The congestion control algorithms in the simulated implementation of SACK TCP are described and it is shown that while selective acknowledgments are not required to solve Reno TCP's performance problems when multiple packets are dropped, the absence of selective acknowledgements does impose limits to TCP's ultimate performance.
TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms
1,143 Citations1997W. Richard Stevens
The purpose of this document is to document four intertwined algorithms that have never been fully documented as Internet standards: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery.
IEEE Communications MagazineIEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks
1,105 Citations1997Brian Crow, Indra Widjaja +2 more
The performance investigation reveals that an IEEE 802.11 network may be able to carry traffic with time-bounded requirements using the point coordination function, however, the findings suggest that packetized voice traffic must be handled in conjunction with an echo canceler.
Wireless NetworksImproving reliable transport and handoff performance in cellular wireless networks
678 Citations1995Hari Balakrishnan, Srinivasan Seshan +1 more
This paper describes the additions and modifications to the standard Internet protocol stack (TCP/IP) to improve end-to-end reliable transport performance in mobile environments and implements a routing protocol that enables low-latency handoff to occur with negligible data loss.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in CommunicationsImproving the performance of reliable transport protocols in mobile computing environments
548 Citations1995Rafaela Cáceres, Liviu Iftode
This work shows how current TCP implementations introduce unacceptably long pauses in communication during cellular handoffs, and proposes an end-to-end fast retransmission scheme that can reduce these pauses to levels more suitable for human interaction.
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewM-TCP
496 Citations1997Kevin Brown, Suresh Singh
It is shown that M-TCP has two significant advantages over other solutions: (1) it maintains end-to-end TCP semantics and, (2) it delivers excellent performance for environments where the mobile encounters periods of disconnection.
Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links
422 Citations1990Van Jacobson
This RFC describes a method for compressing the headers of TCP/IP datagrams to improve performance over low speed serial links.
A comparison of mechanisms for improving TCP performance over wireless links
324 Citations1996Hari Balakrishnan, Venkata N. Padmanabhan +2 more
The results show that a reliable link-layer protocol with some knowledge of TCP provides very good performance, and it is possible to achieve good performance without splitting the end-to-end connection at the base station.
IEEE Communications MagazineOverview of wireless personal communications
290 Citations1995J.E. Padgett, Christoph Günther +1 more
This article presents an overview of the current state of wireless communications, including relevant ongoing activities in technology development, standards, and spectrum allocation, and ongoing and planned future developments are summarized.
A trace-based approach for modeling wireless channel behavior
221 Citations1996Nguyen Thanh Giao, Randy H. Katz +2 more
Improving End-to-End Performance of TCP over Mobile Internetworks
216 Citations1994Raj Yavatkar, N. Bhagawat
The central idea in this opproach is to tronsparently split an end-to-end connection into two separale connections; one over the wireless link and other over the wired poth.
Measurement and analysis of the error characteristics of an in-building wireless network
211 Citations1996David A. Eckhardt, Peter Steenkiste
It is found that under many conditions the error rate of this physical layer of AT&T WaveLAN is comparable to that of wired links.
Throughput performance of transport-layer protocols over wireless LANs
203 Citations2002A. DeSimone, Mooi Choo Chuah +1 more
The results identify the mechanisms affecting end-to-end performance when retransmissions are used to get better error performance on a link, and quantify the increased load on the link due to competing retransmission strategies.
TCP and UDP performance over a wireless LAN
181 Citations1999George Xylomenos, George C. Polyzos
This work presents a comprehensive set of measurements of a 2.4 GHz DSSS wireless LAN and examines issues such as host and interface heterogeneity, bidirectional traffic and error modeling, that have not been previously analyzed.
The Case for Wireless Overlay Networks
104 Citations2007Randy H. Katz, Kyle Palos
This paper describes the approach towards a new wireless data networking architecture that integrates diverse wireless technologies into a seamless wireless (and wireline) internetwork and describes the applications support services needed to make it possible for applications to continue to operate as mobile hosts roam across such networks.
Handling mobile clients: a case for indirect interaction
104 Citations2002B. R. Badrinath, A. Bakre +2 more
There is a need to make mobility explicit at every level of the OSI model - even above the network level through user or application level - and it is proposed that the mobile host and the first hop of communication be handled differently than the rest of the network.
Measured performance of a wireless LAN
76 Citations2003Dan Duchamp, N.F. Reynolds
It is concluded that CSMA/CA is quite successful in allocating bandwidth under stress, but that packet capture rate degrades very quickly once the LAN's effective range is exceeded and network maintainers should plan the layout of wireless networks at least as carefully as they plan wired networks.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in CommunicationsImpact of mobility on TCP/IP: an integrated performance study
56 Citations1995Pietro Manzoni, Dipak Ghosal +1 more
This paper investigates a proposal in which the transport layer explicitly receives information from the network layer of any ongoing mobility and shows that by effectively capitalizing this information, TCP can appropriately extend the slow-start phase in the recovery process and achieve higher throughput.
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewM-UDP
55 Citations1996Kevin Brown, Suresh Singh
The implementation of M-UDP (in NetBSD) is discussed and its performance against that of UDP in an experimental mobile network that is currently under development at the University of South Carolina is compared.
The Qualcomm CDMA digital cellular system
47 Citations1993P. Karn
Although Qualcomm specifically designed IS-95 for voice telephony, it is easily adapted to packet data transmission and can provide a service comparable to those of several existing and proposed metropolitan area wireless data networks with better performance, greater reliability, and lower cost.
Wireless NetworksWireless data: Systems, standards, services
39 Citations1995Antonio DeSimone, Sanjiv Nanda
TP, a reliable packet transport protocol, is being used in CDMA circuit-mode data to provide a reliable data-link layer for the error-prone wireless link.
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewMeasured performance of data transmission over cellular telephone networks
39 Citations1994Timo O. Alanko, Markku Kojo +4 more
Results of performance measurements of data transmission over two different cellular telephone networks, a digital GSM-network and an analogue NMT-network are provided.
A retransmission scheme for circuit-mode data on wireless links
8 Citations2002S. Nanda, Richard P. Ejzak +1 more
Performance results for the US digital cellular TDMA standard show that the RLP scheme can provide the equivalent of 9.6 kbps service per full-rate TDMA channel above a carrier to interference ratio of 18 dB.