Importance of n−3 fatty acids in health and disease
American Journal of Clinical NutritionPublished 1 January 2000
William E. Connor
Citations1,353
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.11
SNIP1.75
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TL;DR
The 38 articles in this supplement document the importance of n-3 fatty acids in both health and disease.
Abstract
In the past 2 decades, views about dietary n-3 fatty acids have moved from speculation about their functions to solid evidence that they are not only essential nutrients but also may favorably modulate many diseases. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), which is a vital component of the phospholipids of cellular membranes, especially in the brain and retina, is necessary for their proper functioning. n-3 Fatty acids favorably affect atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, inflammatory disease, and perhaps even behavioral disorders. The 38 articles in this supplement document the importance of n-3 fatty acids in both health and disease.
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular BiologyMedicineNursing
The LancetEFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FAT, FISH, AND FIBRE INTAKES ON DEATH AND MYOCARDIAL REINFARCTION: DIET AND REINFARCTION TRIAL (DART)
2,629 Citations1989M L Burr, James Gilbert +6 more
A modest intake of fatty fish (two or three portions per week) may reduce mortality in men who have recovered from MI.
The LancetMediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
2,134 Citations1994M. de Lorgeril, S. Renaud +7 more
An alpha-linolenic acid-rich Mediterranean diet seems to be more efficient than presently used diets in the secondary prevention of coronary events and death.
The LancetBreast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm
1,237 Citations1992Alan Lucas, Ruth Morley +3 more
Children who had consumed mother's milk in the early weeks of life had a significantly higher IQ at 71/2-8 years than did those who received no maternal milk and this advantage remained even after adjustment for differences between groups in mother's education and social class.
The LancetHÆMOSTATIC FUNCTION AND PLATELET POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN ESKIMOS
1,005 Citations1979J. Dyerberg, H. O. Bang
Partial dietary substitution of arachidonic acid by eicosapentaenoic acid may reduce the incidence of thrombotic disorders, including myocardial infarction, among Eskimos.
JAMAFish Consumption and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death
988 Citations1998Christine M. Albert
Consumption of fish at least once per week may reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in men, and fish consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of total mortality.
Acta Medica ScandinavicaThe Composition of Food Consumed by Greenland Eskimos
952 Citations1976H. O. Bang, J. Dyerberg +1 more
Food specimens have been collected from Greenland Eskimo hunters and their wives, in all seven persons, on seven consecutive days, and their food was found to contain more protein and less carbohydrates than average Danish food and an almost equal amount of fat.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesBiochemical and functional effects of prenatal and postnatal omega 3 fatty acid deficiency on retina and brain in rhesus monkeys.
920 Citations1986Martha Neuringer, W E Connor +3 more
It is suggested that dietary omega 3 fatty acids are retina and brain, and abnormally low levels of 22:6 omega 3 may produce alterations in the biophysical properties of photoreceptor and neural membranes that may underlie these functional impairments.
JAMADietary Intake and Cell Membrane Levels of Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Risk of Primary Cardiac Arrest
895 Citations1995David S. Siscovick
Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seafood is associated with a reduced risk of primary cardiac arrest.
New England Journal of MedicineReduction of Plasma Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apoproteins by Dietary Fish Oils in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia
855 Citations1985B E Phillipson, Douglas W. Rothrock +3 more
It is concluded that fish oils and fish may be useful components of diets for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionFatty acid composition of brain, retina, and erythrocytes in breast- and formula-fed infants
794 Citations1994M Makrides, MA Neumann +3 more
The higher concentration of DHA in brains of breast- fed infants may explain the improved neurodevelopment reported in breast-fed compared with formula-fed infants.
Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association IncPolyunsaturated fatty acids, hyperlipidemia, and thrombosis.
681 Citations1982Scott H. Goodnight, William S. Harris +2 more
The cholesterol content of LJpoproteins and the rates of Synthesis and Catabolism have changed, as well as the composition of the Fatty Acid Composition and Upoprotein Metabolism.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationDietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and visual loss in infant rhesus monkeys.
649 Citations1984Martha Neuringer, W E Connor +2 more
The results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may be an essential nutrient, and that 22:6 omega 3 may have a specific function in the photoreceptor membranes of the retina.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationSuppression by diets rich in fish oil of very low density lipoprotein production in man.
616 Citations1984Paul J. Nestel, W E Connor +4 more
The highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oils lower the plasma triglyceride concentration and presumptive evidence for substantial independent influx of LDL during the fish oil diet is found, based on the precursor-product relationship between the intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL apoprotein B specific radioactivity-time curves.
The LancetInfant cerebral cortex phospholipid fatty-acid composition and diet
572 Citations1992Jamie Farquharson
BloodThe effects of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on platelet composition and function in man: a prospective, controlled study
406 Citations1981SH Jr Goodnight, WS Harris +1 more
It is concluded that in normal subjects dietary omega 2 fatty acids derived from salmon oil are incorporated into platelet phospholipids and that these changes are accompanied by alterations in bleeding time and platelet function.
New England Journal of MedicineInhibition of Atherosclerosis by Cod-Liver Oil in a Hyperlipidemic Swine Model
341 Citations1986Bonnie H. Weiner, Ira S. Ockene +11 more
It is concluded that in the animal mode, dietary cod-liver oil retarded the development of coronary artery disease, possibly through changes in prostaglandin metabolism.
Journal of Lipid ResearchReduction of postprandial triglyceridemia in humans by dietary n-3 fatty acids
322 Citations1988William S. Harris, Connor We +2 more
The results suggest that chronic (but not acute) intake of fish oil may inhibit the synthesis or secretion of chylomicrons from the gut, however, accelerated clearance due to decreased VLDL competition cannot be excluded.
Medical Entomology and ZoologyNutrition of Normal Infants
274 Citations1993Samuel J. Fomon
For paediatricians, dieticians and gastroenterologists, this book offers a review of nutrition in normal infants with features include: normative data; data on composition of foods normally fed to infants; and estimates of nutrient requirements, with explanations of how to arrive at estimates.
ScienceFish Oils Inhibit Endothelial Cell Production of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Like Protein
266 Citations1988Paul L. Fox, Paul E. DiCorleto
It is suggested that fish oils may suppress intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation by decreasing the production of EC-derived paracrine growth factors through the inhibitory process of MaxEPA.
Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association IncInhibition of low density lipoprotein synthesis by dietary omega-3 fatty acids in humans.
256 Citations1984D. Roger Illingworth, William S. Harris +1 more
It is concluded that dietary omega-3 fatty acids lower plasma LDL levels in normal human subjects by reducing the rate of synthesis of apoprotein B.
Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association IncFish oil inhibits development of atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys.
230 Citations1987Harry R. Davis, R T Bridenstine +2 more
The results indicate that fish oilcontaining diets reduce serum cholesterol levels and inhibit atherosclerosis even in the face of lowered HDL cholesterol levels when compared to a pure coconut oillcholesterol diet in rhesus monkeys.
Journal of Lipid ResearchEffects of fish oil on VLDL triglyceride kinetics in humans
212 Citations1990WS Harris, Connor We +3 more
The hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil appears to be caused primarily by an inhibition of very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride synthesis, but an additional, independent effect upon VLDL catabolism cannot be ruled out.
AtherosclerosisPlasma factor VII is activated by postprandial triglyceridaemia, irrespective of dietary fat composition
157 Citations1991George J. Miller, Jeannett Martin +6 more
The results suggested an acute but evanescent effect of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on the reactivity of factor VII, irrespective of their lipid core composition.
LipidsIncreased docosahexaenoic acid levels in human newborn infants by administration of sardines and fish oil during pregnancy
156 Citations1996William E. Connor, Richard I. Lowensohn +1 more
The data indicate the importance of maternal dietary n-3 fatty acids and, in particular, maternal dietary DHA in promoting higher concentrations of D HA in the blood of the newborn infant.
Journal of Lipid ResearchUnique lipids of primate spermatozoa: desmosterol and docosahexaenoic acid.
124 Citations1993DS Lin, W E Connor +3 more
The presence of the unusual sterol, des mosterol, a cholesterol precursor not found in measurable quantities in any other tissue suggests an important functional and structural role for desmosterol in spermatozoa.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesPlacental transfer of essential fatty acids in humans: venous-arterial difference for docosahexaenoic acid in fetal umbilical erythrocytes.
122 Citations1990M Ruyle, W E Connor +2 more
The results suggest that erythrocytes play a major role in the necessary transport of the essential fatty acid DHA into the fetus.
CirculationInterruption of vascular thrombus formation and vascular lesion formation by dietary n-3 fatty acids in fish oil in nonhuman primates.
108 Citations1993Laurence A. Harker, Adrian B. Kelly +7 more
In nonhuman primates, dietary n-3FAs in high doses eliminate both vascular thrombus formation and vascular lesion formation after mechanical vascular injury while largely sparing hemostatic function and modestly reducing blood thrombotic responses.
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory PhysiologyDietary omega 3 fatty acids and endothelium-dependent relaxations in porcine coronary arteries
101 Citations1989Hiroaki Shimokawa, Paul M. Vanhoutte
Dietary supplementation with cod-liver oil significantly augments endothelium-dependent relaxations in porcine coronary arteries, and observations indicate that dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment receptor-operated endot Helium- dependent relaxations.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular BiologyEffects of Dietary Fat Quality and Quantity on Postprandial Activation of Blood Coagulation Factor VII
75 Citations1997L. F. Larsen, Else‐Marie Bladbjerg +2 more
Journal of NeurochemistryEffects of Dietary n‐3 Fatty Acids on the Phospholipid Molecular Species of Monkey Brain
71 Citations1990Don S. Lin, William E. Connor +2 more
Different diets had profound qualitative and quantitative effects on the molecular species of brain phospholipids, and these changes have implications for possible functional changes.
LipidsThe differential effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and oleic acid on lipid synthesis and VLDL secretion in rabbit hepatocytes
54 Citations1990Kent G. Benner, Anna W. Sasaki +3 more
In primary rabbit hepatocyte culture, which appears to be a useful model to study lipid metabolism and VLDL secretion, EPA is avidly incorporated into phospholipid while oleic acid predominantly becomes esterified in triglyceride.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionIndividual effects of dietary saturated fatty acids and fish oil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in normal men
52 Citations1993Arne Nordøy, LF Hatcher +2 more
It is shown that dietary SFAs and n-3 FAs have independent mechanisms of actions on the plasma lipids and lipoproteins and that the low SFA diet decreased total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and HDL-C.
PubMedEffect of dietary N-3 fatty acids upon the phospholipid molecular species of the monkey retina.
43 Citations1994Don S. Lin, Gregory J. Anderson +2 more
Diets of differing n-3 fatty acid content had profound qualitative and quantitative effects on the molecular species of retinal phospholipids, and the replacement of 22:6(n-3) by 22:5 (n-6) in the retinas of n- 3 deficient monkeys was asymmetric and functionally incomplete.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionDoes vegetable oil attenuate the beneficial effects of fish oil in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
38 Citations1997Du Hyeon Hwang, Prithiva Chanmugam +6 more
The efficacy of fish oil in favorably modifying certain risk factors for CVD was not attenuated by vegetable oil and changes in membrane fatty acid composition, blood lipids, and thrombotic profile were included.
Effects of n-3 fatty acid deficiency in nonhuman primates
16 Citations1996Sydney Reisbick, Martha Neuringer +1 more
There is now strong and consistent evidence that a low intake of ALA is associated with delayed visual development, and the need for at least 0.7% of energy as ALA in infant formulas is now widely accepted, however, this consensus has not been universally translated into practice.