The ecology of anxiety: Situational stress and rate of self-stimulation in Turkey.
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TL;DR
The results suggest that other sources of variance from persons and Person X Situation interactions can be safely ignored if one's purpose in an investigation is to make ecological comparisons in anxiety rates.
Abstract
Twelve community behavior settings in Ankara, Turkey, were ranked with high agreement by 30 judges (average r = .80, p less than .001) according to the amount of situational stress, defined as evaluative apprehension and uncertainty, generated by each setting. The rate of hand-to- face or body (self-stimulation) behavior was observed systemically in stressful compared to relaxed settings. Analysis by a stepwise multiple regression procedure showed higher rates in stressful settings, F(1, 587) = 9.33, p less than .01. This finding was successfully replicated one year after the original study with new samples of settings, observers, and observed individuals, F(1, 351) = 7.38, p less than .01. Sex of the observed individuals had no relationship to rate of self-stimulation, and smoking appeared to act as a suppressor variable. These results suggest that other sources of variance from persons and Person X Situation interactions can be safely ignored if one's purpose in an investigation is to make ecological comparisons in anxiety rates.