Maternal BMI, Parity, and Pregnancy Weight Gain: Influences on Offspring Adiposity in Young Adulthood
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismPublished 11 August 2010Open access
Rebecca M. Reynolds, Clive Osmond, D. I. W. Phillips, Keith M. Godfrey
Citations246
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.18
SNIP1.77
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Adiposity in early adulthood is influenced by prenatal influences independently of current lifestyle factors, and strategies to reduce the impact of maternal obesity and greater pregnancy weight gain on offspring future health are required.
Abstract
CONTEXT: The prevalence of obesity among women of childbearing age is increasing. Emerging evidence suggests that this has long-term adverse influences on offspring health. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine whether maternal body composition and gestational weight gain have persisting effects on offspring adiposity in early adulthood. DESIGN AND SETTING: The Motherwell birth cohort study was conducted in a general community in Scotland, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: We studied 276 men and women whose mothers' nutritional status had been characterized in pregnancy. Four-site skinfold thicknesses, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI), were measured at age 30 yr; sex-adjusted percentage body fat and fat mass index were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Indices of offspring adiposity at age 30 yr were measured. RESULTS: Percentage body fat was greater in offspring of mothers with a higher BMI at the first antenatal visit (rising by 0.35%/kg/m2; P<0.001) and in offspring whose mothers were primiparous (difference, 1.5% in primiparous vs. multiparous; P=0.03). Higher offspring percentage body fat was also independently associated with higher pregnancy weight gain (7.4%/kg/wk; P=0.002). There were similar significant associations of increased maternal BMI, greater pregnancy weight gain, and parity with greater offspring waist circumference, BMI, and fat mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity in early adulthood is influenced by prenatal influences independently of current lifestyle factors. Maternal adiposity, greater gestational weight, and parity all impact on offspring adiposity. Strategies to reduce the impact of maternal obesity and greater pregnancy weight gain on offspring future health are required.
Keywords
Medicine
British Journal Of NutritionBody fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 Years
6,368 Citations1974J. V. G. A. Durnin, J Womersley
Skinfold thicknesses at four sites – biceps, triceps, subscapular and supra-iliac – and total body density were measured on 209 males and 272 females aged from 16 to 72 years, finding it necessary to use the logarithm of skinfold measurements in order to achieve a linear relationship with body density.
New England Journal of MedicineObesity in Young Men after Famine Exposure in Utero and Early Infancy
1,643 Citations1976Gian-Paolo Ravelli, Zena Stein +1 more
Testing the hypothesis that prenatal and early postnatal nutrition determines subsequent obesity found that exposure during the last trimester of pregnancy and the first months of life is consistent with the inference that nutritional deprivation affected a critical period of development for adipose-tissue cellularity.
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyGestational weight gain and child adiposity at age 3 years
761 Citations2007Emily Oken, Elsie M. Taveras +3 more
New recommendations for gestational weight gain may be required in this era of epidemic obesity, according to 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines with child outcomes among mother-child pairs in Project Viva.
Current Opinion in Obstetrics & GynecologyNew guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy: what obstetrician/gynecologists should know
511 Citations2009Kathleen M. Rasmussen, Patrick M. Catalano +1 more
The guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy offer many opportunities for obstetrician/gynecologists to assume a larger role as 'women's healthcare physicians' and to conduct research that could improve the health of mothers and children.
ReproductionImpact of maternal obesity on offspring obesity and cardiometabolic disease risk
497 Citations2010Amanda J. Drake, Rebecca M. Reynolds
Evidence indicates that maternal obesity increases the risk for the offspring in developing obesity and altering body composition in child- and adulthood and has an impact on the offspring's cardiometabolic health with dysregulation of metabolism including glucose/insulin homoeostasis, and development of hypertension and vascular dysfunction.
Obstetrics and GynecologyMaternal Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Weight in Adolescence
370 Citations2008Emily Oken, Sheryl L. Rifas‐Shiman +3 more
Gestational weight gain is directly associated with BMI and risk of obesity in adolescence, and revised gestational weight–gain guidelines should account for influences on child weight.
Human Reproduction UpdateMaternal metabolism and obesity: modifiable determinants of pregnancy outcome
367 Citations2009Scott M. Nelson, Paul Matthews +1 more
Maternal obesity requires the development of effective interventions to improve pregnancy outcome and strategies that incorporate a detailed understanding of the maternal metabolic environment and its consequences for the health of the mother and the growth of the child are likely to identify the best approach.
CirculationAssociations of Gestational Weight Gain With Offspring Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure at 21 Years of Age
307 Citations2009Abdullah Al Mamun, Michael O’Callaghan +4 more
It is shown that greater GWG is associated with greater offspring BMI into early adulthood and that this may translate into higher systolic BP in offspring.
Journal of Lipid ResearchArachidonic acid and prostacyclin signaling promote adipose tissue development: a human health concern?
294 Citations2003Florence Massiéra, Perla Saint-Marc +8 more
The issue of the high content of linoleic acid of ingested lipids during pregnancy and lactation, and formula milk and infant foods in relation to the epidemic of childhood obesity is raised.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionWeight gain in pregnancy and childhood body composition: findings from the Southampton Women’s Survey
228 Citations2010Sarah Crozier, Hazel Inskip +5 more
Appropriate pregnancy weight gain, as defined by 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations, is linked to lower levels of adiposity in the offspring.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionIntergenerational influences on childhood body mass index: the effect of parental body mass index trajectories
176 Citations2008Leah Li, Catherine Law +2 more
Excessive BMI gains of parents during childhood and adulthood were associated with a higher BMI and risk of obesity in the offspring, and reductions in the incidence of child Obesity in the current population may reduce obesity in future generations.
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyMaternal carbohydrate metabolism and its relationship fetal growth and body composition
158 Citations1995Patrick M. Catalano, Noreen M. Drago +1 more
Maternal insulin sensitivity had stronger correlations with fetoplacental growth in comparison with maternal demographic or morphometric factors.
HypertensionHigh-Meat, Low-Carbohydrate Diet in Pregnancy
148 Citations2001Alistair W. Shiell, Mary Campbell‐Brown +4 more
The findings support those of a study in Aberdeen showing higher blood pressure in men and women whose mothers had eaten a high–animal protein, low-carbohydrate diet in late pregnancy and may reflect the metabolic stress imposed on the mother by an unbalanced diet in which high intakes of essential amino acids are not accompanied by the nutrients required to utilize them.
International Journal of ObesityMaternal-recalled gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and obesity in the daughter
132 Citations2009Alison M. Stuebe, Michele R. Forman +1 more
A high recalled pre-pregnancy BMI and extremes of recalled GWG are associated with an increased risk of adolescent and adult obesity in offspring, particularly when the mother is overweight, and they persisted with adjustment for birth weight.
European Journal of Clinical NutritionEpidemiology of overweight and obesity among school children and adolescents in three provinces of central Italy, 1993–2001: study of potential influencing variables
102 Citations2003Federica Celi, Vittorio Bini +8 more
Parents' BMI, birth weight, firstborn status and post-menarche status in girls showed a significant association with overweight and/or obesity in logistic regression models, and the new internationally agreed criteria seem more appropriate for epidemiological studies in this population.
The LancetOBESITY IN CHILDHOOD: A COMMUNITY STUDY IN NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
89 Citations1977P.W. Wilkinson, J. Pearlson +3 more
The results confirm that obesity in childhood has many causes and the commonest "at-risk" factors were obesity in a first degree relative, an elderly mother, being an only child, and absence of one parent.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismStress Responsiveness in Adult Life: Influence of Mother’s Diet in Late Pregnancy
74 Citations2007Rebecca M. Reynolds, Keith M. Godfrey +3 more
These findings provide the first human evidence that an unbalanced high protein maternal diet during late pregnancy leads to increased cortisol secretion in response to psychological stress in the offspring.
Fertility and SterilityInfluence of parity on first trimester endovascular trophoblast invasion
60 Citations2006Federico Prefumo, Ramesh Ganapathy +2 more
Endovascular trophoblast invasion in early pregnancy is more extensive in parous women who already had an uncomplicated pregnancy than in nulliparous women.
Journal of NutritionDietary Arachidonic Acid to EPA and DHA Balance Is Increased among Canadian Pregnant Women with Low Fish Intake
37 Citations2009Russell Friesen, Sheila M. Innis
Median fish and DHA intakes below the recommended 1-2 servings/wk fish for pregnant women suggest major changes in the availability, cost, or acceptance of fish are needed.
Journal of EndocrinologyMaternal parity and its effect on adipose tissue deposition and endocrine sensitivity in the postnatal sheep
27 Citations2009Melanie A. Hyatt, D. H. Keisler +2 more
The findings emphasise the importance of parity in determining adipose tissue development and that firstborn offspring have an increased capacity for adipogenesis which may be critical in determining later adiposity.