Developing Standards for Empirical Examinations of Evaluation Theory

Abstract

Evaluation scholars have long called for research on evaluation (Mark, 2001, 2003; Shadish, Cook, & Leviton, 1991; Smith, 1993; Worthen, 2001) to provide an empirical basis for improving its theory and practice. Although calls to investigate evaluation have struck a chord in some quarters of the evaluation community, with the exception of research in the area of evaluation use, these calls have been infrequently answered. Specific frameworks and guidance on how to study evaluation have seldom been offered, which may contribute to the relative dearth of research on evaluation. This article will focus on one area in which research on evaluation is sorely needed, the relationship between theory and practice. In this article, I develop a preliminary framework for studying critical aspects of the value of theory to practice.