Immune Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular BiologyPublished 1 December 2001
Göran K. Hansson
Citations875
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.53
SNIP1.67
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TL;DR
This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis and suggests that immune modulation as well as immunization can reduce the progression of the disease.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Its lesions are filled with immune cells that can orchestrate and effect inflammatory responses. In fact, the first lesions of atherosclerosis consist of macrophages and T cells. Unstable plaques are particularly rich in activated immune cells, suggesting that they may initiate plaque activation. We have seen a rapid increase in the understanding of the mechanisms that govern the recruitment, differentiation, and activation of immune cells in atherosclerosis. Experimental research has identified several candidate antigens, and there are encouraging data suggesting that immune modulation as well as immunization can reduce the progression of the disease. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
Keywords
Immunology and MicrobiologyMedicine
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Journal of Leukocyte BiologyMechanism of suppression of nitric oxide synthase expression by interleukin-4 in primary mouse macrophages
233 Citations1994Christian Bogdan, Yoram Vodovotz +3 more
It is demonstrated that interleukin 4 (IL‐4) suppressed production of NO by primary mouse peritoneal macrophages exposed to IFN‐γ with or without LPS, even while synergizing with IFn‐γ to increase the secretion of TNF‐α.
Arthritis & RheumatismCauses of death in systemic lupus erythematosus, long‐term followup of an inception cohort
208 Citations1995Michael M. Ward, Elise Pyun +1 more
In this study of patients with SLE who were followed up for an extended period of time beginning soon after diagnosis, SLE was the most common cause of death, and deaths due to SLE occurred throughout the course of illness.
MetabolismEvidence for a role of tumor necrosis factor α in disturbances of triglyceride and glucose metabolism predisposing to coronary heart disease
208 Citations1998Stefan Jovinge, Anders Hamsten +7 more
Clinical evidence is provided for a basic role of TNFalpha in hypertriglyceridemia, glucose intolerance, and the etiology of premature CHD.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular BiologyOligoclonal T Cell Expansions in Atherosclerotic Lesions of Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
193 Citations2000Gabrielle Paulsson, Xinghua Zhou +2 more
The strongly skewed pattern of the CDR3 region in the TCR is indicative of oligoclonal expansions of T cells and suggests the occurrence of antigen-driven T-cell proliferation in atherosclerosis.
The Journal of Infectious DiseasesFailure to Detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in Coronary Atheromas of Patients Undergoing Atherectomy
190 Citations1996Steven M. Weiss, P M Roblin +10 more
There is no evidence that C. pneumoniae exists within atheromas in this study population, nor does seroprevalence correlate with the presence of coronary disease in these patients.
Archives of Histology and CytologyUltrastructural Recognition of Cells with Dendritic Cell Morphology in Human Aortic Intima. Contacting Interactions of Vascular Dendritic Cells in Athero-resistant and Athero-prone Areas of the Normal Aorta.
189 Citations1995Yuri V. Bobryshev, Reginald S. A. Lord
Analysis of serial ultrathin sections of the human aortic intima detected a new cell yet to be described in the literature, which is speculated to be a variety of dendritic cell and are involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in normal arterial intima.
Clinical & Experimental ImmunologyLysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induces proinflammatory cytokines by a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor-dependent mechanism
187 Citations1999Yihui Huang, Liselotte Schäfer Elinder +3 more
The findings indicate that LPC may play an important role in inflammatory reactions, including atherosclerosis, and that PAF and oxLDL induce IFN‐γ secretion by a common mechanism.
Journal of Biological ChemistryAccelerated Atherosclerosis in Mice Lacking Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor p55
183 Citations1996Sandra A. Schreyer, Jacques J. Peschon +1 more
The results support the concept that increased scavenger receptor activity contributes to excessive fatty streak formation and conclude that TNF p55 receptors protect against atherosclerotic lesion development in the mouse.
Cardiovascular ResearchS-100 positive cells in human arterial intima and in atherosclerotic lesions
183 Citations1995Yuri V. Bobryshev, Richard Lord
The results suggest that these cells play an important role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and may represent antigen presenting dendritic cells in human arteries.
AtherosclerosisBiologically modified LDL increases the adhesive properties of endothelial cells
177 Citations1991Johan Frostegård, Anders Hægerstrand +2 more
It is reported here that Cu(2+)-oxidized LDL is as effective as interleukin 1 beta in stimulating the ability of cultured human endothelial cells to bind U937 monocytic cells, and the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene inhibited both the endothelial-dependent oxidation of LDL as well as the increased adhesion of U 937 cells, suggesting a coupling between these two processes.
JAMAPossible Role of Cytomegalovirus in Atherogenesis
176 Citations1990Joseph L. Melnick
The possibility of viral infection playing a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is compatible with the hypotheses described above, since viruses may cause cell destruction, alter cellular metabolism, or induce transformation of infected cells.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationGenomic instability in the type II TGF-beta1 receptor gene in atherosclerotic and restenotic vascular cells.
168 Citations1997T A McCaffrey, Dirk U. Bellstedt +8 more
It is proposed that microsatellite instability in TbetaR-II disables growth inhibitory pathways, allowing monoclonal selection of a disease-prone cell type within some vascular lesions.
Journal of the American College of CardiologyMast cell infiltration in acute coronary syndromes: implications for plaque rupture
160 Citations1998Maija Kaartinen, Allard C. van der Wal +5 more
It is suggested that mast cells, in addition to macrophages, contribute to matrix degradation and, hence, to progression of coronary syndromes.
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