Validation in Second Language Classroom Research: The Role of Observation

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore more precisely how observational analyses of classroom interaction can be validated, and further, how the validation of claims about instructional variables (such as the effectiveness of programs, teaching methods, syllabus changes, materials, rule presentations, and so on) depends on the application of valid observational analyses. Validity, which has many aspects but refers in essence to the determination of the "truth" of an analysis or theory, is a fundamental goal in researchers' efforts to understand and predict language learning and teaching outcomes. The paper will first briefly describe the place of observation in research validation, then show the applicability of validation in second language classroom research with respect to different methodological orientations, then illustrate three different approaches to validation of instructional research by means of observation.