Evaluating medical students’ skills in obtaining informed consent for HIV testing
Journal of General Internal MedicinePublished 1 February 2003Open access
Laura Weiss Roberts, Cynthia Geppert, Teresita McCarty, S S Obenshain
Citations18
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
This method of assessing medical students’ abilities to obtain informed consent or refusal for HIV testing can be translated to a variety of clinical settings and may help demonstrate competence in performing key ethics skills and ensure ethically sound clinical care for people at risk for HIV infection.
Abstract
This method of assessing medical students' abilities to obtain informed consent or refusal for HIV testing can be translated to a variety of clinical settings. Such efforts may help in demonstrating competence in performing key ethics skills and may help ensure ethically sound clinical care for people at risk for HIV infection.
Keywords
MedicineHealth Professions
Annals of Internal MedicineHealth Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice
13,310 Citations1992
Addressing behavioral risks and disparities, and the behaviors related to global health threats, such as flu pandemics, water shortages, increasingly harmful sun exposure, and the need to protect the health of the planet itself, will be critical to world health in the twenty-first century.
JAMADefining and Assessing Professional Competence
3,027 Citations2002Ronald M. Epstein
An inclusive definition of competence is generated: the habitual and judicious use of communication, knowledge, technical skills, clinical reasoning, emotions, values, and reflection in daily practice for the benefit of the individual and the community being served.
Academic MedicineDo clinical clerks suffer ethical erosion? Studentsʼ perceptions of their ethical environment and personal development
488 Citations1994C Feudtner, Dimitri Christakis +1 more
The ethical dilemmas that medical students perceive as affecting them while serving as clinical clerks are apparently common and often detrimental, and warrant the attention of physicians, educators, and ethicists.
Academic MedicineOSCE checklists do not capture increasing levels of expertise
355 Citations1999Brian Hodges, Glenn Regehr +3 more
Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that binary checklists may not be valid measures of increasing clinical competence.
Annals of Internal MedicineAssessing Clinical Skills of Residents with Standardized Patients
226 Citations1986Paula L. Stillman, DAVID B. SWANSON +16 more
Results indicated that reproducible assessment of the clinical skills could be achieved in approximately 1 day of testing time using standardized patients, and low correlations between standardized-patient-based measures of clinical skills and other evaluation techniques suggested that standardized patients provided unique information.
New England Journal of MedicineBasic Curricular Goals in Medical Ethics
217 Citations1985Charles M. Culver, K. Danner Clouser +8 more
Formal teaching of ethics in the medical school curriculum has increased greatly during the past 15 years, yet schools vary in how much attention they give the subject, and even those that do offload the subject to other subjects.
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineThe Objective Structured Clinical Examination
192 Citations2000Carol Carraccio, Robert Englander
The combination of the OSCE, standardized board examinations, and direct observation in the clinical setting has the potential to become the "gold standard" for measuring physician competence.
Medical EducationEvaluating communication skills in the objective structured clinical examination format: reliability and generalizability
167 Citations1996Brian Hodges, Jeannine Turnbull +3 more
The American Journal of SurgeryReliability and validity of the objective structured clinical examination in assessing surgical residents
161 Citations1990Robert Cohen, Richard K. Reznick +3 more
The OSCE has been shown to be a reliable method of assessing clinical skills of surgical residents, construct validity has been established, and inter-item validity confirmed.
Annals of Internal MedicineAssessment of Clinical Skills of Residents Utilizing Standardized Patients
141 Citations1991Paula L. Stillman, David B. Swanson +24 more
Systematic and effective procedures for developing standardized-patient-based test materials and for training standardized patients have been developed and this technique is best used for measuring data gathering and interviewing skills.
The Joint Commission Journal on Quality ImprovementUsing Standardized Patients to Measure Quality: Evidence from the Literature and a Prospective Study
131 Citations2000Peter Glassman, Jeff Luck +2 more
In the study, trained standardized patients were able to assess physician practice accurately for common medical conditions, using proven criteria linked to health outcomes.
PubMedRelevance and utility of courses in medical ethics. A survey of physicians' perceptions.
87 Citations1985Edmund D. Pellegrino, Richard Hart +3 more
Medical EducationThe effect on reliability of adding a separate written assessment component to an objective structured clinical examination
79 Citations2000Bas H. Verhoeven, Johanna G H C Hamers +3 more
The aim is to determine the effect on test reliability when a separate written assessment component is added to an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and to establish a baseline for this study.
Academic MedicineWho should rate candidates in an objective structured clinical examination?
77 Citations1996Jason Martin, Richard K. Reznick +3 more
It is found that an MD rater is less likely to differ from a standard established by a consensus of MD ratings than are SP raters rating from recall, and if an MD cannot be used, an SP observer is preferable to an SP ratings from recall.
Academic MedicinePerformance-based assessment of clinical ethics using an objective structured clinical examination
73 Citations1996Peter Singer, Anja Robb +3 more
The OSCE is not a feasible stand-alone method for summative evaluation of clinical ethics and should be combined with other, more reliable evaluation methods, although it has promise for formative evaluation.
Medical EducationSimulated patients in assessing consultation skills of trainees in general practice vocational training: a validity study
71 Citations1994H. Pieters, F Touw-Otten +1 more
Considering the difference between competence and performance, actor simulation is a valid method to assess consultation skills of trainees.
Annals of Internal MedicineVoluntary Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
67 Citations1989L Bernard, Robert L. Steinbrook +4 more
Academic MedicineAn Invitation for Medical Educators to Focus on Ethical and Policy Issues in Research and Scholarly Practice
52 Citations2001Laura Weiss Roberts, Cynthia Geppert +3 more
The authors explain why attention to issues of safeguards in education research and practice is likely to grow at academic health centers, yet maintain that these issues are neglected in the medical education literature.
JAMARelevance and Utility of Courses in Medical Ethics
52 Citations1985Edmund D. Pellegrino
A stratified random sample of 3,000 practicing physicians who were graduated between 1974 and 1978 was surveyed to evaluate their perceptions of the utility and relevance of medical ethics teaching.
Academic MedicineMedical studentsʼ professional ethics
51 Citations1991Janet Bickel
An AAMC working group concluded that medical educators have paid insufficient attention to students' development of professional standards and to the immediate ethical dilemmas that students face as students.
Journal of General Internal MedicineFactors affecting the reliability of ratings of students’ clinical skills in a medicine clerkship
49 Citations1992Jan D. Carline, Douglas S. Paauw +2 more
Reliable ratings of students’ overall clinical skills, including overall clinical grades, can be achieved by collecting a minimum of seven observations, and support the use of performance ratings to evaluate clinical skills and knowledge of students in clerkship settings.
Academic MedicinePerformance-based assessment of moral reasoning and ethical judgment among medical students
43 Citations1994S R Smith, J Bálint +3 more
The authors formulated a model for categorizing students that would be useful in individualizing remedial strategies and found that a low degree of relationship was found between the students' performances on the interactive and written portions of the assessment.
Academic MedicineWidening the Lens on Standardized Patient Assessment
42 Citations2001Mike Rose, LuAnn Wilkerson
The authors suggest that in addition to utilizing SP numerical ratings, medical educators also use the rich qualitative material produced in the SP examination to explore students' development of clinical competence, which involves the purposive integration of basic science, technical skill, empathy, communication, professional role, and personal history.
Academic MedicineUsing Standardized Patients to Assess Medical Studentsʼ Professionalism
39 Citations2001Michael D. Prislin, Désirée Lie +3 more
The utility of standardized patient-based assessments of professional characteristics is examined and comparisons are made with other mea- sures of professionalism, such as faculty evaluation, performance on a written self-reflective exercise, and student-reported participation in community service activities.
Academic MedicineFirst-visit bias in the measurement of clinical competence with standardized patients
36 Citations1992Robyn Tamblyn, Michał Abrahamowicz +8 more
Academic MedicineGlobal ratings of videotaped performance versus global ratings of actions recorded on checklists
33 Citations1999Mark H. Swartz, Jerry A. Colliver +4 more
The results raise serious questions about the viability of global ratings of checklists as an alternative to ratings of observed clinical performance as a criterion for standardized-patient assessment.
Academic MedicineHuman values teaching programs in the clinical education of medical students
32 Citations1987Janet Bickel
Medical school deans and faculty members were surveyed by the Association of American Medical Colleges to obtain information on 1984-85 courses designed to improve students' ability to examine their values in relation to those of patients, communicate effectively with patients, or think critically about cultural, social, and ethical issues arising in medical care.
The American Journal of MedicineEconomic malpractice in the treatment of Gaucher's disease
29 Citations1994Ernest Beutler
Clinical results have proved that there is no longer any justification for the administration of 130 U/kg or even 65 U/ kg every month as was originally recommended except, as Zimran et al state, “when cost is not an issue.”
Academic MedicineAre medical students ready to provide HIV-prevention counseling?
19 Citations1998Robert L. Cook, Beat Steiner +6 more
A majority of experienced medical students did not assess several important risk factors of a patient concerned about HIV infection, and many would have provided incorrect information related to HIV testing and prevention of infection.
Academic PsychiatryClinical Ethics Teaching in Psychiatric Supervision
18 Citations1996Laura Weiss Roberts, Teresita McCarty +5 more
The authors discuss the need for ethics education in psychiatry residencies and describe how the special attributes of supervision allow for optimal ethics training for psychiatry residents in their everyday encounters with ethical problems.
American Journal of Physical Medicine & RehabilitationOne Program’s Experience of OSCE vs. Written Board Certification Results
17 Citations2000Sudesh Sheela Jain, Joel A. DeLisa +6 more
The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has been the focus of a lot debate with respect to reliability and validity and further work is needed to improve the evaluation of clinical skills to the point that a gold standard can be said to exist.
Academic MedicineIncorporating multiculturalism into a doctor-patient course
16 Citations1997Anil R. Gupta, Thomas P. Duffy +1 more
Academic MedicineThe reliability of six faculty members in identifying important OSCE items
16 Citations1998John Valentino, Michael B. Donnelly +3 more
The results strongly suggest that when a group of faculty members cooperatively identifies the important items to be included in an OSCE checklist, the reliability of the checklist is superior to one created by a single author.
PubMedA comparison of traditional assessment with the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).
16 Citations1985H. M. Coovadia, Alie Moosa
The OSCE appears to measure aspects of both clinical competence and theoretical knowledge, and has many advantages over traditional methods and should therefore be considered for inclusion in the assessment of medical students.
The American Journal of SurgeryAssessing medical students’ competence in obtaining informed consent
15 Citations1999Laura Weiss Roberts, Jan Mines +5 more
This method of examining medical students' abilities to obtain informed consent has several positive features and holds promise as an ethics competence assessment tool.
Academic MedicineMoral imperatives for academic medicine
12 Citations1997James N. Thompson
Morally sensitized physicians can better deal with the hard issues of medicine, such as euthanasia and abortion, and can help their students examine these issues and show their students that physicians are members of a moral community dedicated to something other than its own self-interest.
Journal of General Internal MedicineAssessing competence in clinical ethics
12 Citations1993Robert M. Arnold, Lachlan Forrow
Cautions are needed as attempts to refine evaluation methods in medical ethics progress, and by forcing faculty to articulate clearly and explicitly the goal according to which success or failure should be measured, the process of developing appropriate evaluation methods can lead to improvements in all aspects of curriculum design.
Medical EducationImplications of HIV infection and AIDS for medical education
11 Citations1994Kenneth Boyd
AIDS Education and PreventionMedical Student Knowledge Levels and Performance in Doing HIV Risk Assessment
10 Citations1995Lynda J. Farquhar, Terry S. Stein +1 more
Sexual-history-taking performance was evaluated in the semester subsequent to the one in which the students received the instruction, and results showed that, when course instruction directed students to take a sexual history, performance was excellent.
The American Journal of the Medical SciencesCreating an Objective Structured Clinical Examination for the Internal Medicine Clerkship: Pitfalls and Benefits
9 Citations1993D. Michael Elnicki, William T. Shockcor +2 more
The objective-structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a useful tool in evaluating clinical competence and when used in conjunction with other evaluating mechanisms, it provides an objective outcome measure of the medical education process.
Academic MedicineMedical studentsʼ views of how the HIV-AIDS epidemic affects their education and choice of training programs
9 Citations1990Rosalind Thomas
Academic MedicineProceedings of the AAMC Conference on Studentsʼ and Residentsʼ Ethical and Professional Development. October 27-28, 1995. Introduction
8 Citations1996Jennifer Bickel
The Health Care ManagerWorkplace Privacy
3 Citations1998llene Goldberg, Ira Sprotzer
Current issues regarding HIV testing, employee privacy, and protection from discrimination are examined.