Critical Period in the Social Development of Dogs
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Litters of puppies were isolated, with the bitch, in fenced acre fields from 2 to 14 weeks of age and unless socialization occurred before 14 weeks, withdrawal reactions from humans became so intense that normal relationships could not thereafter be established.
Abstract
Litters of puppies were isolated, with the bitch, in fenced acre fields from 2 to 14 weeks of age. They were removed indoors at different ages, played with for a week, and returned to the field. The pups manifested an increasing tendency to withdraw from human beings after 5 weeks of age and unless socialization occurred before 14 weeks of age, withdrawal reactions from humans became so intense that normal relationships could not thereafter be established