Updating a 12-year experience with arrest and reversal therapy for coronary heart disease (an overdue requiem for palliative cardiology)
The American Journal of CardiologyPublished 1 August 1999
Caldwell B. Esselstyn
Citations106
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.93
SNIP0.73
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Patients with advanced coronary artery disease may abolish disease progression through a plant-based diet and cholesterol-lowering medication to achieve and maintain a total cholesterol <150 mg/dl.
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is essentially nonexistent in cultures whose nutrition assures cholesterol levels <150 mg/dl. Patients with advanced coronary artery disease may abolish disease progression through a plant-based diet and cholesterol-lowering medication to achieve and maintain a total cholesterol <150 mg/dl.
Keywords
MedicineEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
JAMAPrimary Prevention of Acute Coronary Events With Lovastatin in Men and Women With Average Cholesterol Levels
5,269 Citations1998John R. Downs, Michael Clearfield +8 more
Lovastatin reduces the risk for the first acute major coronary event in men and women with average TC and LDL-C levels and below-average HDL- C levels and supports the inclusion of HDL-C in risk-factor assessment and the need for reassessment of the National Cholesterol Program guidelines.
The LancetCan lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease?
2,112 Citations1990Dean Ornish, Shirley Brown +8 more
Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipid-lowering drugs.
JAMAIntensive Lifestyle Changes for Reversal of Coronary Heart Disease
1,710 Citations1998Dean Ornish
More regression of coronary atherosclerosis occurred after 5 years than after 1 year in the experimental group, and in the control group, coronary Atherosclerosis continued to progress and more than twice as many cardiac events occurred.
JAMABeneficial Effects of Combined Colestipol-Niacin Therapy on Coronary Atherosclerosis and Coronary Venous Bypass Grafts
1,643 Citations1987David H. Blankenhorn
The Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) was a randomized, placebo-controlled, angiographic trial testing combined colestipol hydrochloride and niacin therapy in 162 nonsmoking men aged 40 to 59 years with previous coronary bypass surgery.
New England Journal of MedicineComparison of Coronary Bypass Surgery with Angioplasty in Patients with Multivessel Disease
1,540 Citations1996The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Investigators
It is found that in selected patients with multivessel disease suitable for treatment with either procedure, an initial strategy of PTCA does not result in a poorer five-year clinical outcome than CABG, although subsequent revascularization was required more often with this strategy.
CirculationHDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study.
1,506 Citations1977W P Castelli, Joseph T. Doyle +6 more
New England Journal of MedicineCardiovascular Medicine at the Turn of the Millennium: Triumphs, Concerns, and Opportunities
1,426 Citations1997Eugene Braunwald
This is an especially opportune time to comment on progress in cardiovascular disease, because both the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the American Heart Association are celebrating their golden anniversaries within the next 18 months.
The LancetEffects on coronary artery disease of lipid-lowering diet, or diet plus cholestyramine, in the St Thomas' Atherosclerosis Regression Study (STARS)
845 Citations1992Gerald F. Watts, B. Lewis +6 more
The findings support the use of a lipid-lowering diet, and if necessary of appropriate drug treatment, in men with CHD who have even mildly raised serum cholesterol concentrations.
New England Journal of MedicineUse of Cardiac Procedures and Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Myocardial Infarction in the United States and Canada
307 Citations1997Jack V. Tu, Chris L. Pashos +5 more
The strikingly higher rates of use of cardiac procedures in the United States, as compared with Canada, do not appear to result in better long-term survival rates for elderly U.S. patients with acute myocardial infarction.
CirculationCholesterol Reduction Yields Clinical Benefit
277 Citations1995A. Lawrence Gould, Jacques E. Rossouw +3 more
The results suggest that cholesterol lowering itself is beneficial but that specific adverse effects of fibrates and hormones increase the risk of CHD (hormones only), non-CHD, and total mortality.
The American Journal of CardiologyDiet, lifestyle, and the etiology of coronary artery disease: the Cornell China Study
178 Citations1998T. Colin Campbell, Banoo Parpia +1 more
The combined coronary artery disease mortality rates for both genders in rural China were inversely associated with the frequency of intake of green vegetables and plasma erythrocyte monounsaturated fatty acids, but positively associated with a combined index of salt intake plus urinary sodium and plasma apolipoprotein B.
New England Journal of MedicineCoronary-Artery Stents — Gauging, Gorging, and Gouging
103 Citations1998Eric J. Topol
Coronary stenting is now the predominant form of nonsurgical myocardial revascularization and accounts for well over 60 percent of the percutaneous coronary-revascularization procedures performed in hospitals around the world.
PubMedA strategy to arrest and reverse coronary artery disease: a 5-year longitudinal study of a single physician's practice.
93 Citations1995Caldwell B. Esselstyn, Stephen G. Ellis +2 more
A physician can influence patients in the decision to adopt a very low-fat diet that, combined with lipid-lowering drugs, can reduce cholesterol levels to below 150 mg/dL and uniformly result in the arrest or reversal of coronary artery disease.
Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association IncSerum lipids in the People's Republic of China. Comparison of Western and Eastern populations.
62 Citations1985Hugo Kesteloot, Daixin Huang +5 more
Differences in HDL cholesterol levels among the three populations were small in males and only significantly higher in Belgium in the age classes below 34 years, and in women of all age groups, HDL cholesterol values were significantly higher In Belgium than in China and Korea.
The American Journal of CardiologyAtherosclerotic risk factors—Are there ten or is there only one?
61 Citations1989William C. Roberts
CirculationLipid Lowering Versus Revascularization
46 Citations1997James S. Forrester, Prediman K. Shah
It might be postulate that lipid lowering is the more effective therapy for both prevention of acute myocardial infarction and long-term survival.
JAMACan We Predict Future Acute Coronary Events in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease?
25 Citations1997John A. Ambrose
Several standard risk factors for the development of coronary disease are recognized and a modulation of some of these risk factors has been shown to decrease the incidence and recurrence of coronary events.