Industrial ecology: towards closing the materials cycle

Abstract

Introduction - material perspective resource perspective alumina, aluminium and gallium copper, cobalt, silver and arsenic chromium sources, uses and losses zinc and cadmium sulfur and sulfuric acid phosphorus, flourine and gypsum nitrogen-based chemicals the chlor-alkali sector electronic grade silicon (EGS) for semiconductors post-consumer packaging wastes scrap tires coal ash - sources and possible uses on industrial ecosystems. Appendices: Production and consumption data data sources for the study.