Feline subthalamic nucleus neurons contain glutamate-like but not GABA-like or glycine-like immunoreactivity
Brain ResearchPublished 1 July 1989Open access
Roger L. Albin, J. Wayne Aldridge, Anne B. Young, Sid Gilman
Citations108
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Results support the hypothesis that subthalamic nucleus neurons are glutamatergic, as they were found to contain intense glutamate-like but not GABA- or glycine-like immunoreactivity.
Abstract
The identity of the neurotransmitter of subthalamic nucleus neurons has not been definitively established. GABA, glycine, and glutamate have all been hypothesized to be the neurotransmitter of these neurons. Immunohistochemistry with 3 well characterized antisera against glutamate, GABA, and glycine were used to study feline subthalamic nucleus neurons. These neurons were found to contain intense glutamate-like but not GABA- or glycine-like immunoreactivity. The surrounding neuropil contained glutamate-like and GABA-like but not glycine-like immunoreactivity. These results support the hypothesis that subthalamic nucleus neurons are glutamatergic.
Keywords
MedicineNeuroscience
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyGlutamate‐ and GABA‐containing neurons in the mouse and rat brain, as demonstrated with a new immunocytochemical technique
847 Citations1984Ole Petter Ottersen, Jon Storm‐Mathisen
Antisera were raised against γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutamate (Glu) conjugated to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde to demonstrate the distributions of Glu‐like and GABA‐like immunoreactivities in parts of the perfusion‐fixed mouse and rat brain.
Journal of NeuroscienceNumbers and proportions of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in different areas of monkey cerebral cortex
597 Citations1987SH Hendry, H. D. Schwark +2 more
The number and proportion of neurons displaying GABA immunoreactivity were determined for 50-micron-wide columns through the thickness of 10 areas of monkey cerebral cortex, including the precentral motor area, and every area but area 4 displaying a second concentration in the principal thalamocortical recipient layers.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyEfferent projections of the subthalamic nucleus in the rat: Light and electron microscopic analysis with the PHA‐L method
583 Citations1987Hitoshi Kita, S.T. Kitai
Efferent projections of rat subthalamic nucleus were studied by use of the axonal transport of phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) and the results were analyzed with light and electron microscopes.
Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Neurologie und PsychiatrieDie Extrapyramidalen Erkrankungen
356 Citations1923Anke Jakob
Brain ResearchNeurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates display glutamate but not GABA immunoreactivity
327 Citations1988Yoland Smith, André Parent
The results suggest that the neurons of the subthalamic nucleus in primates utilize the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate instead of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.
Journal of NeuroscienceGlycine and glycine receptor immunoreactivity in brain and spinal cord
314 Citations1988AN van den Pol, Tamäs J. Görcs
Glycine receptor immunoreactivity was found throughout the gray matter of both rat and primate, and large numbers of immunoreactive boutons making symmetrical type synapses with neuronal perikarya, including motor neurons, and with proximal and distal dendrites were demonstrated.
Comparative neurobiology of the basal ganglia
309 Citations1986André Parent
Basal Ganglia and Vertebrate Phylogeny Telencephalic Organization in Fishes Telencebral Organization in Amphibians and Mammalian Striatum: A Source of Redundancy Mammalian Substantia Nigra A Dual Structure.
NeurosciencePrimate models of dyskinesia: The experimental approach to the study of basal ganglia-related involuntary movement disorders
280 Citations1987Alan R. Crossman
Dans cet article, l'accent a ete mis sur les etudes qui ont contribue a la comprehension des mecanismes neuronaux qui soutendent et induisent une dyskinesie.
Brain ResearchIntracellular study of rat substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons in an in vitro slice preparation: electrical membrane properties and response characteristics to subthalamic stimulation
238 Citations1987Hiroshi Nakanishi, Hitoshi Kita +1 more
The results indicated that SNR contains two electrophysiologically different types of neurons, and that both type of neurons receive monosynaptic EPSPs from STH and IPSPs from areas rostral to STH.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyComparative distribution of mRNAs for glutamic acid decatrboxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and tachykinins in the basal ganglia: An in situ hybridization study in the rodent brain
230 Citations1987Marie‐Françoise Chesselet, Linda Weiss +3 more
Results show a good correlation with immunohistochemical studies, suggesting that documented differences in the distribution and the level of glutamic acid decarboxyase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and substance P immunoreactivities in neurons of the basal ganglia are related to differences inThe level of expression of the corresponding genes rather than to translation accessibility, stability, or transport of the gene products.
Journal of Histochemistry & CytochemistryCharacterization of antisera to glutamate and aspartate.
205 Citations1988John R. Hepler, Claudia S. Toomim +5 more
Glu- like immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglia and somatosensory cortex, and the comparative distribution of Glu- and Asp-like immunoreactivities in the latter tissue, are presented as examples of staining patterns obtained with the two antisera.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologySingle subthalamic nucleus neurons project to both the globus pallidus and substantia nigra in rat
185 Citations1980Derek van der Kooy, T. Hattori
The organization of the major efferents of the rat subthalamic nucleus (STN) was investigated using a fluorescent retrograde double‐labeling technique and evidence for a mediolateral topography in both the STN‐pallidal andSTN‐nigral pathways was obtained.
Brain ResearchElectrophysiological demonstration of an excitatory subthalamonigral pathway in the rat
182 Citations1978Constance Hammond, Jean‐Michel Deniau +2 more
The subthalamonigral projection was studied with extracellular techniques in the rat and it was shown that the subthalamofugal fibers are excitatory to cells located in the pars compacta as well as in the Pars reticulata of the substantia nigra.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyDistribution of GABA‐immunoreactive neurons in the basal ganglia of the squirrel monkey (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>)
141 Citations1987Yoland Smith, André Parent +2 more
The distribution of GABA‐immunoreactive neurons was visualized in the basal ganglia of the squirrel monkey by using a highly specific antiserum raised against GABA‐glutaraldehyde‐lysyl‐protein conjugate and revealed by the indirect peroxidase‐antiperoxidases immuno‐histochemical method.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyEnkephalin‐mediated basal ganglia influences over the optic tectum: Immunohistochemistry of the tectum and the lateral spiriform nucleus in pigeon
121 Citations1982Anton Reiner, Harvey J. Karten +1 more
Neuroscience LettersEvidence for branched subthalamic nucleus projections to substantia nigra, entopeduncular nucleus and globus pallidus
112 Citations1978Jean‐Michel Deniau, Constance Hammond +2 more
The organization of subthalamic projections to the substantia nigra, entopeduncular nucleus and globus pallidus were studied in the rat to suggest that STN output neurons might be of only one type and influence SN, EN and GP synchronously.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyDirect projections from the centre median‐parafascicular complex to the subthalamic nucleus in the cat and rat
104 Citations1983Tetsuo Sugimoto, Toshiaki Hattori +3 more
It was concluded that a small number of scattered CM‐Pf neurons project primarily to rostral region of the STN, which is in a unique position to regulate the basal ganglia by way of a newly established thalamosubthal‐amic pathway as well as a widespread, conspicuous thalamostriate pathway in those two mammalian species.
Brain ResearchPharmacological blockade of the globus pallidus-induced inhibitory response of subthalamic cells in the rat
98 Citations1980B. Rouzaire-Dubois, Constance Hammond +2 more
The results are consistent with the hypothesis that GABA is the transmitter releasted by the inhibitory pallido-subthalamic pathway, and are in agreement with recent biochemical data.
NeurosciencePharmacological study of the cortical-induced excitation of subthalamic nucleus neurons in the rat: Evidence for amino acids as putative neurotransmitters
93 Citations1987B. Rouzaire-Dubois, Eugenio Scarnati
These experiments excluded a role for acetylcholine, dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the cortically evoked excitation of subthalamic nucleus cells.
Brain ResearchOutput organization of the feline entopeduncular and subthalamic nuclei
76 Citations1978Kenneth D. Larsen, Jerome Sutin
Brain ResearchDyskinesia in the primate following injection of an excitatory amino acid antagonist into the medial segment of the globus pallidus
75 Citations1989R. G. H. Robertson, S.M. Farmery +2 more
Injection of an excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid, into the medial segment of the globus pallidus of the conscious monkey elicited dyskinesia of the contralateral limbs, and the results suggest that the neurotransmitter utilised by this pathway is an excited amino acid.
Brain ResearchOrigin and distribution of glutamate decarboxylase in the nucleus subthalamicus of the cat
74 Citations1978Frode Fonnum, I. Grofová +1 more
NeuroscienceBranched output neurons of the rat subthalamic nucleus: Electrophysiological study of the synaptic effects on identified cells in the two main target nuclei, the entopeduncular nucleus and the substantia nigra
64 Citations1983Constance Hammond, T. Shibazaki +1 more
The synaptic responses of entopeduncular and nigral cells to subthalamic stimulation were studied with extracellular recording techniques in rats with and without chronic lesions, finding that the two different responses recorded in these nuclei are elicited by the activation of a single neuronal population.
Brain ResearchImmunocytochemical demonstration of glycine in retina
61 Citations1985Roberta G. Pourcho, Dennis J. Goebel
An antiserum against glycine (Gly) conjugated to bovine serum albumin was raised and used to localize Gly-containing neurons in the retina, providing the first direct confirmation of the Gly content of these cells.
NeurosciencePerikaryal cell labeling in the subthalamic nucleus following the injection of 3h-γ-aminobutyric acid into the pallidal complex: An autoradiographic study in cat
46 Citations1982Haring J. W. Nauta, Michel Cuénod
3H-gamma-aminobutyric acid, but not aspartate or serotonin, undergoes high affinity uptake and retrograde transport by subthalamo-pallidal neurons in cats pretreated with systemic amino-oxyacetic acid.
Brain ResearchMicroiontophoretic studies on the nature of the neurotransmitter in the subthalamo-entopeduncular pathway of the rat
44 Citations1983B. Rouzaire-Dubois, Eugenio Scarnati +3 more
It is strongly suggested that GABA is a neurotransmitter in the inhibitory subthalamic-evoked inhibitory response of entopeduncular cells.
Experimental NeurologySubthalamic projections to the globus pallidus: An electrophysiological study in the rat
29 Citations1980Martin Perkins, Trevor W. Stone
The results demonstrate the existence of reciprocal connections between these two regions and show that the predominant effect of subthalamic activation is inhibition of pallidal cells.
The Journal of Comparative NeurologyGlycine: An alternative transmitter candidate of the pallidosubthalamic projection neurons in the rat
16 Citations1987Masahiko Takada, T. Hattori
Garcine is proposed as an alternative transmitter candidate of these critically situated neurons in the basal ganglia of the rat pallidosubthalamic pathway through the GP‐STN pathway and the STN‐GP projection.