What determines the specificity of action of Drosophila homeodomain proteins?
CellPublished 1 November 1990
Shigeo Hayashi, Matthew P. Scott
Citations354
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score22.61
SNIP7.62
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TL;DR
The homeobox is a evolutionarily conserved 183 bp DNA sequence motif first found in genes that control the morphogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster.
Abstract
The homeobox is a evolutionarily conserved 183 bp DNA sequence motif first found in genes that control the morphogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster .In this article,the key questions are,to what degree do different homeodomain proteins control different target genes,and how is the specificity of action of the protein attained ?
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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CellThe bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a concentration-dependent manner
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CellA gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos
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CellThe murine and Drosophila homeobox gene complexes have common features of organization and expression
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CellCrystal structure of an engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex at 2.8 Å resolution: A framework for understanding homeodomain-DNA interactions
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CellA homologous protein-coding sequence in drosophila homeotic genes and its conservation in other metazoans
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ScienceHomeo Boxes in the Study of Development
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783 Citations1984Matthew P. Scott, Amy J. Weiner
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NatureSequence of a Drosophila segmentation gene: protein structure homology with DNA-binding proteins
678 Citations1984Allen Laughon, Matthew P. Scott
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NatureThe bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in the early Drosophila embryo
674 Citations1989Wolfgang Driever, Christiane Nüsslein‐Volhard
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CellThe gradient morphogen bicoid is a concentration-dependent transcriptional activator
670 Citations1989Gary Struhl, Kevin Struhl +1 more
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ScienceRecognition of a DNA Operator by the Repressor of Phage 434: A View at High Resolution
534 Citations1988Aneel K. Aggarwal, David W. Rodgers +3 more
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CellA single amino acid can determine the DNA binding specificity of homeodomain proteins
531 Citations1989Jessica Trelsman, Pierre Gönczy +3 more
It is shown that changing a single amino acid at the C-terminus of the recognition helix is both necessary and sufficient to confer the DNA binding specificity of either Ftz or Bcd on Prd, which contains two DNA binding activities.
CellThe sequence specificity of homeodomain-DNA interaction
497 Citations1988Claude Desplan, Jim Theis +1 more
The similarity in sequence specificity of En and Ftz HDs suggests that, within families of DNA binding proteins, close relatives will exhibit similar specificities, and competition among related regulatory proteins might govern which protein occupies a given binding site and consequently determine the ultimate effect of cis-acting regulatory sites.
NatureA molecular gradient in early Drosophila embryos and its role in specifying the body pattern
497 Citations1986Paul M. Macdonald, Gary Struhl
After fertilization, the protein products of the Drosophila homeobox gene caudal accumulate in a concentration gradient spanning the anteroposterior axis of the developing embryo, which causes abnormal zygotic expression of at least one segmentation gene (fushi tarazu) and alter the global body pattern.
ScienceStructure of the Lambda Complex at 2.5 Å Resolution: Details of the Repressor-Operator Interactions
497 Citations1988Steven R. Jordan, Carl O. Pabo
The crystal structure of a complex containing the DNA-binding domain of lambda repressor and a lambda operator site was determined at 2.5 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 24.2 percent.
NatureParasegments and compartments in the Drosophila embryo
492 Citations1985Alfonso Martínez-Arias, Peter A. Lawrence
One of the first steps in segmentation of the Drosophila embryo seems to be not the formation of segments, but instead the definition of 14 domains, each of which encroaches into adjacent segments.
NatureDivergent homeo box proteins recognize similar DNA sequences in Drosophila
487 Citations1988Timothy Hoey, Michael Levine
Eve is a member of a small group of genes in Drosophila that define the segmentation pattern of the early embryo15 even-skipped (eve), which plays a key role in a network of interactions among segmentation genes.
CellDNA specificity of the bicoid activator protein is determined by homeodomain recognition helix residue 9
487 Citations1989Steven D. Hanes, Roger Brent
This work used the gene activation phenotype in yeast to study DNA recognition by the Bicoid homeodomain and found that a single amino acid replacement at position 9 of the recognition helix was sufficient to switch the DNA specificity of the BICoid protein.
CellHox and HOM: Homologous gene clusters in insects and vertebrates
471 Citations1989Michael Akam
It appears that both HOM-C and Hox contain, in the same chromosomal order, the descendants of a gene family whose main members were already dis- tinct when insect and vertebrate lineages diverged.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDosage-dependent modifiers of polycomb and antennapedia mutations in Drosophila.
467 Citations1988James A. Kennison, John W. Tamkun
Two genes known to control the determination of segmental identity in Drosophila melanogaster are polycomb and antennapedia and four additional loci identified here have also been shown to have homoeotic phenotypes.
CellThe structure of the Antennapedia homeodomain determined by NMR spectroscopy in solution: Comparison with prokaryotic repressors
465 Citations1989Yan Qian, Martin Billeter +4 more
Comparisons of the Antennapedia homeodomain with prokaryotic repressors showed that there are also significant differences in the molecular architectures, which support the view that the third helix of the homeodOMain may function as the DNA recognition site.
The EMBO JournalProtein–DNA contacts in the structure of a homeodomain–DNA complex determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution.
458 Citations1990Gottfried Otting, Y. Q. Qian +5 more
The 1:1 complex of the mutant Antp(C39––S) homeodomain with a 14 bp DNA fragment corresponding to the BS2 binding site was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in aqueous solution to enable a unique docking of the protein on the DNA.
NatureThe Oct-1 homoeodomain directs formation of a multiprotein-DNA complex with the HSV transactivator VP16
435 Citations1989Seth Stern, Masafumi Tanaka +1 more
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NatureDetermination of spatial domains of zygotic gene expression in the Drosophila embryo by the affinity of binding sites for the bicoid morphogen
435 Citations1989Wolfgang Driever, Gudrun Thoma +1 more
Specific binding sites are shown to confer expression in a region of the embryo that depends on their affinity for bicoid protein: sites of high affinity allow expression further down the bicoids protein gradient than sites of low affinity.
CellThe b alleles of U. maydis, whose combinations program pathogenic development, code for polypeptides containing a homeodomain-related motif
410 Citations1990Burkhard Schulz, Flora Banuett +6 more
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GeneticsCYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOME <i>3</i> IN <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>: THE HOMOEOTIC GENE COMPLEX IN POLYTENE CHROMOSOME INTERVAL 84A-B
405 Citations1980Thomas C. Kaufman, R A Lewis +1 more
Cytogenetic evidence is presented demonstrating that the 84A-B interval in the proximal portion of the right arm of chromosome 3 is the residence of a homoeotic gene complex similar to the bithorax locus.
NatureThe Drosophila developmental gene, engrailed, encodes a sequence-specific DNA binding activity
384 Citations1985Claude Desplan, James F. Theis +1 more
Plasmid expression vectors carrying either the entire engrailed coding region or a subfragment including the homoeo box, produce protein fusions having sequence-specific DNA binding activity.
NatureFinger protein of novel structure encoded by hunchback, a second member of the gap class of Drosophila segmentation genes
373 Citations1987Diethard Tautz, Ruth Lehmann +6 more
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NatureRegulation of the Drosophila segmentation gene hunchback by two maternal morphogenetic centres
369 Citations1988Diethard Tautz
Analysis of embryos mutant for the maternal genes affecting the anterior-posterior segmentation pattern shows that the formation of the early gradient is controlled by the osk group of genes, whereas efficient activation of the zygotic anterior expression domain is dependent on bcd activity.
American ZoologistGENES AND DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAYS
364 Citations1963E. B. Lewis
An approach is discussed which makes use of a series of pseudoallelic genes in Drosophila which have, in several instances, been profitably exploited in the bacteria to learn more about how genes control biochemical pathways.
CellSynergistic activation and repression of transcription by Drosophila homeobox proteins
353 Citations1989Kyuhyung Han, Michael Levine +1 more
It is interesting that cotransfection with combinations of expression vectors encoding the homeobox proteins fushi tarazu, paired, and/or zen resulted in substantial synergistic increases in expression.
CellThe yeast cell-type-specific repressor α2 acts cooperatively with a non-cell-type-specific protein
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NatureFly and frog homoeo domains show homologies with yeast mating type regulatory proteins
344 Citations1984John C.W. Shepherd, William McGinnis +3 more
A search made in the Dayhoff sequence bank reveals a lesser but apparently significant homology between the homoeo domain and the amino acids coded from parts of the a1 and α2 mating type genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
CellInduction across germ layers in Drosophila mediated by a genetic cascade
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The BX-C Genes Are Expressed Within Parasegments and Transvection, a Possible Trans-Regulatory Interaction Within the Ubx Domain, and Gain-oj-Function Mutations in the UbX Domain are presented.
CellTranscriptional activation and repression by Ultrabithorax proteins in cultured Drosophila cells
287 Citations1989Mark A. Krasnow, Emma E. Saffman +2 more
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DevelopmentHomeotic genes regulate the spatial expression of putative growth factors in the visceral mesoderm of <i>Drosophila</i> embryos
265 Citations1990Rolf Reuter, Grace Panganiban +2 more
It is shown that the spatially restricted expression of dpp in the visceral mesoderm is regulated by the homeotic genes Ubx and abd-A, which are excellent candidates for target genes that are directly regulated byThe two growth factor genes.
CellFunctional dissection of ultrabithorax proteins in D. melanogaster
256 Citations1990Richard S. Mann, David S. Hogness
Analysis of the transformations generated by UBx deletions and by a chimeric Ultrabithorax-Antennapedia protein demonstrated that the majority of the UBX identity information is contained within the C-terminal, homeodomain-containing portion of the protein.
DevelopmentA <i>Drosophila</i> growth factor homolog, <i>decapentaplegic</i>, regulates homeotic gene expression within and across germ layers during midgut morphogenesis
249 Citations1990Grace Panganiban, Rolf Reuter +2 more
It is proposed that extracellular dpp protein regulates gut morphogenesis, in part, by regulating homeotic gene expression in the visceral mesoderm and endoderm of the developing midgut.
NatureRegulation of Antennapedia transcript distribution by the bithorax complex in Drosophila
244 Citations1984Ernst Hafen, Michael Levine +1 more
In situ hybridization of an Antp+ cDNA probe to tissue sections of embryos, it is found that the neural cells of the transformed segments accumulateAntp+ transcripts to a level characteristic of the normal mesothorax.
Genes & DevelopmentA protein involved in minichromosome maintenance in yeast binds a transcriptional enhancer conserved in eukaryotes.
242 Citations1989S. Passmore, Randolph C. Elble +1 more
DNA binding assays suggest that a conserved 5'-ATTAGG in one-half of the dyad symmetry element is important for MCM1 binding whereas variants in the other half are tolerated, and a novel DNase I 'nicking interference' assay is used to investigate the interaction ofMCM1 with its substrate.
NatureMutations that alter the DNA sequence specificity of the catabolite gene activator protein of E. coli
236 Citations1984Richard H. Ebright, Pascale Cossart +2 more
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CellAutoregulation of a drosophila homeotic selector gene
229 Citations1988Michael Kuziora, William McGinnis
It is found that both early and persistent synthesis of the protein is required for the transformation of other body segments toward head segmental identity and implies that the Dfd protein autoactivates expression from the DFD locus during normal development.
CellHuman Hox-4.2 and Drosophila Deformed encode similar regulatory specificities in Drosophila embryos and larvae
224 Citations1990Nadine McGinnis, Michael Kuziora +1 more
It is found that human Hox-4.2 can specifically substitute for a normal regulatory function of its Drosophila homolog, Dfd, in developing embryonic and larval cells.
The EMBO JournalIsolation and sequence‐specific DNA binding of the Antennapedia homeodomain.
221 Citations1988Martin Müller, Markus Affolter +4 more
The homeodomain represents the DNA‐binding domain of the homeotic proteins and selectively binds to the same sites as a longer Antp polypeptide and a full‐length fushi tarazu (ftz) protein.
NatureActivation and repression of transcription by homoeodomain-containing proteins that bind a common site
217 Citations1988James B. Jaynes, Patrick H. O’Farrell
The product of the fushi tarazu (ftz) gene is shown to be a site-dependent activator of transcription and in vitro-defined binding sites act as ftz-dependent enhancers in cultured cells.
The EMBO JournalDevelopmental and molecular analysis of Deformed; a homeotic gene controlling Drosophila head development
211 Citations1987Michael Regulski, Nadine McGinnis +2 more
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American ZoologistHomoeotic and atavic mutations in insects
211 Citations1977Antonio Garcı́a-Bellido
Genetic and developmental analyses of homoeotic mutations suggest that they are related in a sequence of regulatory steps, and this leads to an operational model for explaining genetic control of developmental pathways during ontogenesis and evolution.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDNA binding properties of the purified Antennapedia homeodomain.
191 Citations1990Markus Affolter, Anthony Percival‐Smith +3 more
The results of methylation and ethylation interference studies indicated that the Antp HD closely approaches the target DNA primarily from one side in a region extending across three phosphate backbones.
CellThe specificities of sex combs reduced and Antennapedia are defined by a distinct portion of each protein that includes the homeodomain
189 Citations1990Greg Gibson, Alexander F. Schier +2 more
The sequence requirements for distinguishing the functional specificities of two homeodomain proteins, Antennapedia and Sex combs reduced, involved in the specification of segmental identities in Drosophila, have been determined.
Cellrough, a Drosophila homeobox gene required in photoreceptors R2 and R5 for inductive interactions in the developing eye
188 Citations1988Andrew Tomlinson, Bruce E. Kimmel +1 more
The results suggest that the role of the rough gene product may be to regulate the sending of signals by photoreceptors R2 and R5 to their neighbors in the developing ommatidia.
CellThe localization and regulation of Antennapedia protein expression in Drosophila embryos
186 Citations1986Sean B. Carroll, Robert A. Laymon +3 more
Analysis ofAntp expression in mutant embryos revealed three levels of Antp regulation by genes of the bithorax complex, pleiotropic homeotic loci, and Antp itself, suggesting that the Ubx protein may be one direct negative regulator of Ant p gene expression.
CellMouse Hox-2.2 specifies thoracic segmental identity in Drosophila embryos and larvae
182 Citations1990Jarema Malicki, Klaus Schughart +1 more
It is found that one of the mouse Antp-like genes, Hox-2.2, when expressed in developing Drosophila cells under control of a heat shock promoter, can induce homeotic transformations that are nearly identical to those caused by ectopic expression of Antp.
NatureDomain of Ultrabithorax expression in Drosophila visceral mesoderm from autoregulation and exclusion
180 Citations1988Mariann Bienz, Gaby Tremml
It is found that the unique domain of Ultrabithorax (Ubx) expression in the visceral mesoderm is dependent both on autocatalysis and on an exclusion mechanism: Ubx product is required for its own synthesis, whereas the product of the posteriorly adjacent gene abdominal-A represses Ubx expression.
CellThe developmental effect of overexpressing a Ubx product in Drosophila embryos is dependent on its interactions with other homeotic products
177 Citations1990Acaimo González‐Reyes, Ginés Morata
It is found that whether or not the overexpression of Ubx has a developmental effect on a particular body region of the larva depends on the interactions with the resident homeotic genes.
CellAn Ultrabithorax protein binds sequences near its own and the Antennapedia P1 promoters
165 Citations1988Philip A. Beachy, Mark A. Krasnow +2 more
The purified member of the Ubx protein family from an overproducing E. coli strain is purified and it is shown that it is sequence-specific DNA binding protein that binds tightly to sequences near its own promoter and near the P1 promoter of Antenna-pedia (Antp).
Genes & DevelopmentThe yeast transcription activator PRTF, a homolog of the mammalian serum response factor, is encoded by the MCM1 gene.
158 Citations1989Erin Jarvis, Karen Clark +1 more
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150 Citations1987Norbert Lehming, J. Sartorius +4 more
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The EMBO JournalDifferential regulation of the two transcripts from the Drosophila gap segmentation gene hunchback.
150 Citations1988Christian Schröder, Diethard Tautz +2 more
Using hb‐promoter/lacZ fusion gene constructs in combination with germ line transformation, a regulatory region is delimited to approximately 300 bp upstream of the site of transcription initiation and show that this region is sufficient to confer the full regulation by bcd.
The EMBO JournalSecondary structure determination for the Antennapedia homeodomain by nuclear magnetic resonance and evidence for a helix‐turn‐helix motif.
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Preliminary evidence for the presence of a helix‐turn‐helix motif in the homeodomain is provided and this supersecondary structure appears to be very similar to the DNA binding site in the 434 and P22 c2 repressors.
NatureAre cross-regulatory interactions between homoeotic genes functionally significant?
148 Citations1990Acaimo González‐Reyes, Nuria Urquía +3 more
The results challenge the view that cross-regulatory interactions have a role in determining segmentai identity and find that interruption of the normal down-regulation of Antp and Ubx has no phenotypic consequences in the epidermis, where homoeotic phenotypes are normally manifest.
NatureNear-reciprocal phenotypes caused by inactivation or indiscriminate expression of the Drosophila segmentation gene ftz
146 Citations1985Gary Struhl
The results show that both the ‘On’ and ‘Off’ states of ftz gene expression have instructive roles in the development of alternating regions of the body, and suggest that the ftZ gene acts combinatorially with other pair-rule genes (for example, even-skipped, odd-skip, paired)8–10 to establish the metameric pattern of theBody.
Genes & DevelopmentCharacterization of a murine homeo box gene, Hox-2.6, related to the Drosophila Deformed gene.
145 Citations1988Anthony Graham, Nancy Papalopulu +4 more
It is suggested that Hox-2.6 forms part of a vertebrate 'Dfd-like' family, and expression in both mesoderm and ectoderm are spatially restricted and may reflect a role for the gene in the response to or establishment of positional cues in the embryo.
The EMBO JournalThe interaction with DNA of wild‐type and mutant fushi tarazu homeodomains.
143 Citations1990Anthony Percival‐Smith, Martin Müller +2 more
The in vitro DNA binding properties of wild‐type and mutant fushi tarazu homeodomains (ftz HD) have been analysed and it is found that the ftz HD and the Antp HD peptides contact DNA in a similar way.
CellA homeodomain substitution changes the regulatory specificity of the Deformed protein in drosophila embryos
141 Citations1989Michael Kuziora, William McGinnis
The results indicate that in the context of the developing embryo, even closely related homeodomain sequences have different target specificities.
Trends in Biochemical SciencesVertebrate homeodomain proteins: families of region-specific transcription factors
141 Citations1989Christopher V.E. Wright, K.W.Y. Cho +2 more
Recent studies suggesting that one function of these genes is the early subdivision of the embryo along the antero-posterior axis into 'fields' of cells with different developmental potential are reviewed.
CellA purified Drosophila homeodomain protein represses transcription in vitro
140 Citations1989Mark D. Biggin, Robert Tjian
The biochemical demonstration that a Drosophila homeodomain protein can directly regulate RNA synthesis strengthens the view that this class of regulators act as transcription factors to control development.
NatureThe caudal gene product is a direct activator of fushi tarazu transcription during Drosophila embryogenesis
131 Citations1989Charles R. Dearolf, Joanne Topol +1 more
CellSubstituting an α-helix switches the sequence-specific DNA interactions of a repressor
129 Citations1984Robin P. Wharton, Eugene L. Brown +1 more
Using amino acid sequence homologies to identify the presumptive DNA-recognition helices in two related proteins whose structures are unknown—the repressor and cro protein of bacteriophage 434 and 434 cro protein is used.
CellTranscriptional activation by the Antennapedia and fushi tarazu proteins in cultured Drosophila cells
126 Citations1989Gary M. Winslow, Shigeo Hayashi +3 more
The results demonstrate that homeodomain proteins are transcriptional regulators in vivo and that in cultured cells, different homeodOMain-containing proteins can act upon a common sequence to modulate gene transcription.
Journal of Molecular BiologyDetermination of the three-dimensional structure of theAntennapedia homeodomain fromDrosophila in solution by1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
116 Citations1990Martin Billeter, Yan-qiu Qian +4 more
Genes & DevelopmentExpression, modification, and localization of the fushi tarazu protein in Drosophila embryos.
116 Citations1988Henry M. Krause, R Klemenz +1 more
An ftz overexpression system functional in Drosophila was developed and it was found that when fused to an hsp70 heat shock promoter and introduced into the germ line by P-element-mediated transformation, ftz could be overexpressed at all stages of development by heat shock.
CellDNA binding-induced conformational change of the yeast transcriptional activator PRTF
115 Citations1990Song Tan, Timothy J. Richmond
It is proposed that the transcriptional activator MAT alpha 1 may activate alpha-specific genes by binding to the PRTF-alpha-specific UAS complex and unmasking the otherwise hidden activation surface of PRTF.
NatureDrosophila homoeotic genes encode transcriptional activators similar to mammalian OTF-2
112 Citations1988Markus Thali, Michael M. Müller +3 more
It is shown that the Drosophila homoeotic genes Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and Abdominal-B (Abd-B) code for proteins that are capable of activating transcription of reporter genes linked to specific cis-regulatory target sequences in transfected mammalian cells.
NatureRescue of bicoid mutant Drosophila embryos by Bicoid fusion proteins containing heterologous activating sequences
98 Citations1989Wolfgang Driever, Jun Ma +2 more
It is reported here that the injection of bcd– mutant embryos with messenger RNAs that encode proteins consisting of heterologous acidic transcriptional activating sequences fused to the DNA-binding portion of the bcd gene product, can completely restore the anterior pattern of the embryo.
Molecular and Cellular BiologyDNA-binding activities of the Drosophila melanogaster even-skipped protein are mediated by its homeo domain and influenced by protein context.
96 Citations1988Timothy Hoey, Rahul Warrior +2 more
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesEngrailed, a homeodomain protein, can repress in vitro transcription by competition with the TATA box-binding protein transcription factor IID.
90 Citations1990Yoshiaki Ohkuma, M Horikoshi +2 more
In vitro studies suggest a transcriptional repression mechanism, involving competition between En and transcription factor IID for TATA box binding, that may be involved in En-mediated repression in vivo.
GeneticsCYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOSOME <i>3</i> IN <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR NEW ALLELES OF THE PROBOSCIPEDIA (<i>pb</i>) LOCUS
82 Citations1978Thomas C. Kaufman
It is shown that the pb locus resides in polytene chromosome bands 84A1-6, immediately adjacent to the Antp gene complex in 84B1-2, and that this homeosis is unusual in at least two respects.
CellAutocatalytic ftz activation and metameric instability induced by ectopic ftz expression
79 Citations1989David Ish‐Horowicz, Sheena M. Pinchin +2 more
It is proposed that the anterior margin of each ftz stripe is normally defined by the posterior even-skipped (eve) boundary, consistent with their proposed combinatorial control by ftz (and other pair-rule genes) to define parasegmental primordia.
CellBinding site-dependent direct activation and repression of in vitro transcription by Drosophila homeodomain proteins
78 Citations1990Yoshiaki Ohkuma, Masami Horikoshi +2 more
DevelopmentEffects of ectopic expression of <i>caudal</i> during <i>Drosophila</i> development
77 Citations1990Marek Mlodzik, Greg Gibson +1 more
Results support the conclusion that, while CAD is probably required to activate transcription of fushi tarazu in the posterior half of the embryo, it should not be expressed in the anterior half prior to gastrulation, and thus suggest a role for the CAD gradient.
CellGene activation and DNA binding by Drosophila Ubx and abd-A proteins
76 Citations1989Marie‐Laure Samson, Laurie Jackson‐Grusby +1 more
The data suggest that gene activation by these proteins is a simple consequence of their binding to DNA, while negative gene regulation requires that these proteins act together with other Drosophila gene products.
The EMBO JournalMolecular analysis of the bicoid gene from Drosophila pseudoobscura: identification of conserved domains within coding and noncoding regions of the bicoid mRNA.
71 Citations1990Mark A. Seeger, Thomas C. Kaufman
Cloned and sequenced the bcd gene from Drosophila pseudoobscura as a tool in identifying important functional domains within this transcription unit, and DNA sequence comparisons reveal varying degrees of amino acid sequence conservation among the proposed functional domains of the bCD protein.
NaturePattern formation in the developing eye of Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by the homoeo-box gene, rough
60 Citations1988Robert Saint, Bill Kalionis +2 more
The molecular characterization of a Drosophila homoeo-box gene that has no apparent involvement in early embryogenesis is reported, and this gene appears to be rough, a gene implicated in pattern formation in the developing eye.
NatureThe Drosophila fushi tarazu polypeptide is a DNA-binding transcriptional activator in yeast cells
49 Citations1989Vincent Fitzpatrick, C. James Ingles
With reporter constructs containing Drosophila -derived chromosomal DNA sequences as transcriptional elements, the ftz polypeptide acted as a sequence specific DNA-binding transcriptional activator of transcription in Drosophile and may therefore be a positive regulator of transcription.
Genes & DevelopmentStimulation of transcription by an Ultrabithorax protein in vitro.
45 Citations1990F. Brad Johnson, Mark A. Krasnow
It is shown that a purified UBX protein can stimulate transcription of a synthetic target gene in extracts of cultured D. melanogaster cells, suggesting that transcriptional stimulation could result from an interaction between the promoter-bound protein and the general transcriptional machinery.
The EMBO JournalCoordinate action of a proximal homeoprotein binding site and a distal sequence confers the Ultrabithorax expression pattern in the visceral mesoderm.
42 Citations1989Jürg Müller, F. Thüringer +3 more
It is shown that a proximal homeoprotien binding sequence downstream of the Ubx transcription start site, the B element, is required for this pattern, suggesting that the distal upstream sequence contains an important target sequence for autoregulation.
The EMBO JournalA threonine to alanine exchange at position 40 of Tet repressor alters the recognition of the sixth base pair of tet operator from GC to AT.
42 Citations1988Lothar Altschmied, Ralf Baumeister +2 more
In vitro recombinants of the two tetR genes were constructed and a single amino acid exchange in both genes at position 40 of the primary structures demonstrates clearly that the amino acid 40 of Tet repressor contacts and recognizes base pair 6 of tet operator.
The EMBO JournalThe structure and expression of a hybrid homeotic gene
32 Citations1988Annie Rowe, Michael Akam
The structure and expression of an exceptional bithorax complex mutation, C1, is described and it is shown that the ends of the C1 deletion map to analogous positions within the Ubx and abd‐A transcription units, and that the deletion chromosome gives rise to a set of novel fusion transcripts that may encode hybrid abd-A/Ubx proteins.
Developmental BiologyEctopic expression from the Deformed gene triggers a dominant defect in Drosophila adult head development
31 Citations1990Robin Chadwick, Bradley W. Jones +2 more
Evidence that the dominant head phenotype is caused by ectopic expression of Dfd in the eye disc derives from experiments showing that a DFDD-like phenotype can be induced by ectopy expression of a Dfd gene under heat shock promoter control.
DevelopmentThe interaction of proteins encoded by <i>Drosophila</i> homeotic and segmentation genes with specific DNA sequences
26 Citations1988Allen Laughon, W. Mike Howell +1 more
It is shown that the homeodomains encoded by two of the ANT-C loci confer sequence-specific DNA-binding activity, supported by the finding that a temperature-sensitive ftz mutation that causes a pairwise fusion of embryonic segments also reduces the affinity of the ftzHomeodomain for DNA.
The EMBO JournalDevelopmental analysis of a hybrid gene composed of parts of the Ubx and abd‐A genes of Drosophila
21 Citations1988Jordi Casanova, Ernesto Sánchez‐Herrero +1 more
The comparison of embryos containing exclusively hybrid gene activity with others having no BX‐C function indicates that the hybrid gene is active in the body region defined by PS5 to PS14, which suggests that one control region (abx) of Ubx can regulate the transcription of the abd‐A promoter.
PubMedThe DNA binding specificity of the Drosophila fushi tarazu protein: a possible role for DNA bending in homeodomain recognition.
19 Citations1990Nelson Hb, Allen Laughon
DNA bending is proposed as an explanation for the presence of a shared motif between proteins with divergent recognition helices: bases in ATTA would not directly contact amino acid side chains of the recognition helix but rather would be necessary for bending of the DNA around the homeodomain, perhaps facilitating important protein-DNA contacts.
The EMBO JournalAssociation of the Drosophila melanogaster engrailed protein with specific soluble nuclear protein complexes.
15 Citations1988N Gay, Stephen J. Poole +1 more
It is proposed that protein–protein interactions as well as DNA binding are important for correct engrailed protein function in vivo.
HighWire Press Open ArchiveThe interaction of proteins encoded by Drosophila homeotic and segmentation genes with specific DNA sequences
3 CitationsLaughon, Allen, Howell, William +1 more
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