Breast cancer in a male-to-female transsexual. A case report.
PubMedPublished 15 April 1988
Timothy Pritchard, D A Pankowsky, Joseph P. Crowe, Abdul-Karim Fw
Citations90
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Abstract
The clinicopathological findings in a patient who developed breast carcinoma ten years after male-to-female sexual reassignment are reported. Only two other cases of transsexual men with breast carcinoma have been reported previously. All three patients received oral estrogens for prolonged periods to maintain secondary female characteristics. The controversies relating to hormonal influences in the etiology of breast cancer in men are discussed herein.
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
BMJCarcinoma of breast in trans-sexual individuals after surgical and hormonal interference with the primary and secondary sex characteristics.
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It seems wholly reasonable to conclude that the development of the cancer was a side-effect of the feminizing operations, including mammoplasty and in one case the construction of a pro-vagina.
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Comparison with a series of 304 women with breast cancer operated on at Memorial Hospital in 1960 revealed no difference with regard to incidence of positive axillary lymph nodes or stage of disease, there was, however, a significantly lower survival rate for men.
JAMAThe Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women Who Have Used Estrogen Replacement Therapy
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Overall, the risk of breast cancer did not appear to increase appreciably with increasing ERT duration or latency, even for durations and latencies of 20 years or longer.
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This is the first case in the English literature of lobular carcinoma of the breast in a phenotypic man and it was the pathologic diagnosis which led to the study of the chromosomal abnormality.
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Archives of Sexual BehaviorLong-term follow-up of ?sex change? in 13 male-to-female transsexuals
69 Citations1986G. Lindemalm, Dag K�rlin +1 more
One striking finding is that overall sexual adjustment is often unchanged by genital surgery, and psychosocial adjustment showed a slight improvement after surgery.
World Journal of SurgeryBreast cancer in the male: A report of 138 cases
45 Citations1980G Ramantanis, S Besbeas +1 more
This is a report of 138 male patients with cancer of the breast who were treated at the Hellenic Anticancer Institute from 1937 to 1974, finding that there were no 5-year survivors among patients treated with a combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal manipulation.
Journal of Investigative DermatologyMammogenesis in Transsexuals
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CancerCancer in the male breast
23 Citations1974Frank J. Panettiere
A current and unselected group of cases diagnosed at any U.S. Air Force hospital from 1957 to 1972 shows that, unlike the general impression, the prognosis is neither abysmal nor aggravated by delay in the institution of therapy.
British Journal of CancerCancer of the Male Breast
22 Citations1965W P Greening, Paul Aichroth
During the period 1936-63, 28 new cases of male mammary cancer were seen at the Royal Marsden Hospital; these were all of primary carcinomas without distant metastases when first seen and included both operable and inoperable tumours.
