Epidemiology of male breast cancer
European Journal of Cancer PreventionPublished 1 August 2002
Fabio Levi, F Lucchini, Carlo La Vecchia
Citations18
SJR quartileQ2
SJR score0.77
SNIP0.68
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Abstract
1Cancer Epidemiology Unit and Cancer Registries of Vaud and Neuchâtel Institut Universitaire e Médecine Sociale et Preventive, CHUV-Falaises 1, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland 2Laboratory of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milano, Italy 3Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy Correspondence to: F Levi. Fax: (+41) 21 323 0303 E-mail: [email protected]
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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The hypothesis that use of electric power may increase risk of breast cancer is presented based on experimental evidence that shows an effect of light and extremely low frequency electric and/or magnetic fields on pineal melatonin production, and on the relationship of melatonin to mammary carcinogenesis.
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Overall, the analytical Epidemiology of male breast cancer presents similarities with the epidemiology of female breast cancer, with a potential role of factors related to hormonal status, relative hyperoestrogeny in men being potentially linked to increased risk of disease.
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American Journal of EpidemiologyOccupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields and Breast Cancer in Men
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An elevated risk of breast cancer was found for any job with exposure, and risk was highest among electricians, telephone linemen, and electric power workers and radio and communications workers.
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The present study confirmed the existence of an unfavorable dietary pattern for breast cancer risk (characterized by high-calorie, selected sources of animal fat and alcohol intake), and found a significant protection could be gained by consuming a diet rich in vegetables and perhaps fruits.
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Cancer mortality was still upwards in a few southern and eastern European countries, including Hungary and Poland, where total cancer mortality rates in middle-aged males are now the highest ever registered in Europe.
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Much research is needed to further characterise the molecular biological properties of male breast tumours and their prognostic significance, and to devise treatment strategies, including optimal chemotherapy regimens.
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A significant association of male breast cancer with mumps infections at age 20 years or older, along with the possible association with antecedent testicular injury and the excess frequency of mumps orchitis among cases, suggests that testicular factors may be important in the development of breast cancer among males.
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It is suggested that obesity increases the risk of male breast cancer, possibly through hormonal mechanisms, while dietary factors, physical activity, and SES indicators also deserve further investigation.
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer InstituteBreast Cancer in Men: Aspects of Familial Aggregation
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Familial aggregation of breast cancer in males was investigated in a population-based case-control study and the enhancement of risk in men with an affected sister was greater in those under age 60 than in older men.
British Journal of CancerRisk factors for male breast cancer
125 Citations1995Barbara D’Avanzo, Carlo La Vecchia
Socioeconomic correlates and family history are similar to well-assessed risk factors for female breast cancer, and the associations with anthropometric measures and childlessness may find an explanation in chromosomal abnormalities, such as Klinefelter's syndrome, or other hormone-related disorders.
PubMedA case-control study of male breast cancer.
115 Citations1988John T. Casagrande, Rosemarie Hanisch +4 more
Serum estrone levels were positively, and sex-hormone-binding globulin levels were negatively, related to body weight, and the greater weight of the cases is interpreted as suggesting that the underlying risk factor is an increased exposure to bioavailable estrogen.
Seminars in Cancer BiologyTowards an understanding of breast cancer etiology
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The American Journal of GastroenterologyRisk of Breast Cancer in Men With Liver Cirrhosis
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Cirrhosis, possibly via high levels of endogenous estrogens, increases the risk of breast cancer in men through an estrogen-mediated link between liver cirrhosis and breast cancer.
The LancetLipid-lowering drugs and homocysteine
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The LancetLinkage to BRCA2 region in hereditary male breast cancer
103 Citations1995Steinunn Thorlacius, Helga M. Ögmundsdóttir +5 more
A family with multiple cases of male breast cancer but, interestingly, no increase in female breast cancer is described, linking to the BRCA2 region is demonstrated and all the affected men share the same haplotype for the BCRA2 markers and loss of the other alleles in their tumours.
International Journal of CancerRisk factors for male breast cancer: A Franco‐Swiss case‐control study
98 Citations1990Marie‐Hélène Lenfant‐Pejovic, N Mlika-Cabanne +2 more
Elevated risks, although not significant, were observed for individuals with a past history of tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism, liver cirrhosis or gallstone, who had been treated with isoniazid, or who had worked in high environmental temperatures.
American Journal of Public Health and the Nations HealthSome Observations on the Epidemiology of Breast Cancer Among Males
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A controlled collaborative field study of male patients with breast cancer might provide etiological leads to the understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer among women as well as among men.
International Journal of CancerIncidence of male breast cancer in scandinavia, 1943–1982
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The variation within Scandinavia is similar for female breast cancer, pointing to common factors being involved in the etiology of breast cancer in both sexes.
International Journal of CancerDescriptive epidemiology of male breast cancer in Europe
62 Citations1992Carlo La Vecchia, Fabio Levi +1 more
This overview of male breast cancer trends in Europe precludes any generalized increase in mortality from the disease over recent decades and, hence, weighs against the introduction and presence of any important new cause of this rare disease.
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Recent trends in breast cancer mortality in different countries and in separate age groups are considered, using data from the World Health Organization database and standardised by quinquennia of age using the world standard population.
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The observed associations are not consistent with findings from studies of breast cancer in women and probably do not represent causal relationships, suggesting that dietary factors are unlikely to be strong determinants of Breast cancer in men.
British Journal of CancerThe sex hormone profile of male patients with breast cancer
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It may be that an increased level of circulating oestradiol-17 beta is an important factor in the aetiology of hormone-dependent male breast cancer.
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Androstenedione, estrone, estradiol-17β, estriol and testosterone concentrations have been measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma of 17 human males affected by breast cancer.
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The protective effect of a diet rich in vegetables and fruit, and thus selected (antioxidant) micronutrients, is not consistently reported in various studies, and the possible relationship between fats and breast and female genital tract neoplasms remains unconfirmed.
Tumori JournalHormones in Male Breast Cancer
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The lack of abnormalities in peripherally detectable hormones suggests that the well recognized hormone dependency of male breast cancer may be due to some endocrine imbalance in the central (diencephalic) regulation of the sex steroids pathway.
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Serum oestradiol-17 β, testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in males with breast cancer are studied to find out whether these hormones act as a ‘silent’ or ‘noxious’ substance to promote breast cancer recurrence.
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The hand radiograph as a diagnostic discriminant between seropositive and seronegative “rheumatoid arthritis”: a controlled study and a case-control study.
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Investigation of gonadal and hypophyseal hormones in males with breast cancer and tumour referents found the size of the primary breast tumour was correlated with a higher prolactin level, lending support to a theory implicating Prolactin and possibly prolact inomas as a risk factor for the disease in males.
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To test the hypothesis that in utero exposure to high levels of oestrogen increases the risk of male breast cancer, followed 115 235 male twins for more than 3.5 million person-years at risk to conclude that any adverse influence of in uterno oestrogens exposure is likely to be small.
